Airfoil Aerodynamics By: Ryan Can

Need Federal Aviation Administration, 2008

Knowledge Base Aerodynamic Forces Drag Equation Lift Equation How an Airfoil Generates Lift Benson, 2007

Knowledge Base Reynold’s Number Stall

Literature Review CFD Simulations of Oscillating Sub-Boundary Layer Vortex Generators for Diffuser Flow Separation Control, Amhad 2008 International Journal of Engineering and Technology Scott, 2005

Literature Review Effects of Surface Roughness and Vortex Generators on a NACA Airfoil, Ruess 1995 Ohio State University

Literature Review Flight Test Results of Riblets at Supersonic Speed,. Zungia 1992 NASA

Literature Review Control of Self-Induced Pitching Vibrations of an Airfoil: Spanwise Wire, Tokgoz 2006 German Aerospace Center

Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to lower the drag and increase the lift as well as delaying the stall angle of a model airfoil by applying vortex generators or ribleting the surface to lower skin friction drag, as well as producing self induced vibrations with a spanwise wire.

Hypothesis Null Hypothesis- The appliance of vortex generators, a ribleted surface or a spanwise wire will not show a difference in lift, drag, stall angle of a NACA 4415 Airfoil Alternate Hypothesis- The appliance of vortex generators will increase lift and decrease drag as well as delay the stall angle and reduce stall speed of a NACA 4415 airfoil. The appliance of riblets will decrease skin friction drag of an airfoil. The application of a spanwise wire on the airfoil will show a decrease in drag

Experimental Design NACA 4415 Airfoil Reuss, 1995

Experimental Design Riblet Cross Sectional View Zungia, 1992

Experimental Design Cross Sectional View of Spanwise Wire

Protocols Measuring Lift and Drag using Pitsco Test Flight Wing Analyzer Determining Stall Angle (Reuss, 1995)

Improving the Aerodynamics of an Airfoil NACA 4415 Airfoil without modifications NACA 4415 Airfoil with vortex generators NACA 4415Airfoil with riblets Test in Pitsco Air Tech X Stream Wind tunnel at Re of 32,455, 168,365, 304,274, 439,508, 574,741, 709,974, 845,207, and 980,441 Test for lift and drag of model using the Pitsco Test Flight Wing Analyzer and software A statistical analysis by ANOVA (p<.05) ran with a Scheffe Post- Hoc test Run descriptive statistics calculating means plus or minus SD using SPSS NACA 4415 Airfoil with spanwise wire

Do-Ability Pitsco Air Tech X- Stream Wind Tunnel Pitsco Test Flight Wing Analyzer

Budget Plan VendorOrder #QuantityDescriptionSingle PriceTotal Pitsco Ideas and Solutions W Airtech X-Stream Wind Tunnel $3, Pitsco Ideas and Solutions W Test Flight Wing Analyzer and Software, X-Stream Version $1, Pitsco Ideas and Solutions W The Wing Cutter Package$ Special Vendor10NACA 4415 Styrofoam Airfoil Flying Foam15cm chord length cm max camber 100 W Pflugerville Loop Suite cm max thickness Pflugerville, TX cm sheeting allowance (512) Zero leading edge length.1cm trailing edge thickness

Bibliography Anderson, John D., Aerodynamic Force, Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, McGraw Hill Inc, US, ©2001, Volume 1 AAR-AOR, pps Amhad, Abdullah and Watterson, CFD Simulations of Oscillating Sub-Boundary Layer Vortex Generators for Diffuser Flow Separation Control, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, ©2008, Volume 5, Number 1, pps Benson, Tom, Modern Drag Equation, NASA Glenn Research Center, June 15, 2007 Benson, Tom, Modern Lift Equation, NASA Glenn Research Center, June 15, 2007 Hollyman, Gareth, Carbon Emissions from Aviation Grow Rapidly, Manchester Metropolitan University, June Kroo, Ilan, Applied Aerodynamics: A Digital Textbook, Desktop Aeronautics Inc., ©2007 January, Stanford CA, Section 7.1Applied Aerodynamics: A Digital Textbook Marchaj, C A, Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing, International Marine Publishing, ©1991 January, Part 2 Section A.5, pps Mason, Vortex Generators, AOE, March Nolan, Peter J., Fundamentals of College Physics, Wm. C. Brown Communications Inc., ©1995 United States of America, Chapter 4 Section 3, pps Reuss, R, Effects of Surface Roughness and Vortex Generators on the NACA 4415 Airfoil, Ohio State University, December 1995 Scott, Jeff, "Vortex Generators", Aerospace Web, January Tokgoz S., Control of Self-Induced Pitching Vibrations of an Airfoil: Spanwise Wire, German Aerospace Center, September 2006 Zungia, Fanny A., Flight Test Results of Riblets at Supersonic Speeds, NASA, June 1992