Essential Question How does the role of government change with the New Deal? Is it a good or bad thing? Is the change a result of our transition from a traditional to a secular society?

Focus Questions What role, if any, did the New Deal play in ending the Great Depression? How did FDR increase the power of the presidency? Is it a good thing or a bad thing? Why didn’t America see a new revolution? Might we yet in the future?

FDR takes office Proposes a New Deal based on the idea the Federal Government should play an active role in promoting recovery and providing relief – unlike Hoover who believed in localism Country demands, “bold, persistent experimentation’ Puts together team of advisors known as the ‘Brain Trust’ two Republicans – Henry Wallace, Sec. of Ag; Harold Ickes, Sec. of Interior First woman – Francis Perkins and Sec. of Labor Relied on wife Eleanor to be his eyes and ears Bonus Army marches again – sends Eleanor to talk to them and show the government cares, but still doesn’t pay them

The First 100 Days FDR and Congress pass 15 bills based on relief, recovery and reform immediate relief from depression, long-term economic recovery and reform to prevent future problems

The Beginning Declared a bank holiday with the Emergency Banking Bill – gave broad powers to President FDR began giving ‘Fireside Chats’ – radio speeches to the American people

The Programs FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corp): insured bank deposits up to $5,000 ($250,000 today) – reform SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission): regulate the stock market – reform AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act): provided financial aid, paying farmers subsidies to not plant part of land and kill off excess livestock – attempt to combat overproduction and low prices - relief

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority): built a series of dams in the Tennessee River Valley to control floods and to generate electricity; replanted forests, built fertilizer plants – recovery critics called it socialist since it put gov’t in control of a business; also considered one of greatest achievements of New Deal CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps): provided jobs for more than 2 million young men; replanted forests, built trails, dug irrigation ditches, fought fires – recovery FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Act): granted federal funds to state and local agencies to help unemployed – relief CWA (Civil Works Administration): provided public-works jobs- relief

HOLC (Home Owners Loan Corp): loaned money at low interest rates to homeowners who could not meet mortgage payments – relief FHA (Federal Housing Administration): insured bank loans used for building and repairing homes - relief NIRA (National Industrial Recovery Act): established the NRA (National Recovery Administration) – developed codes of fair competition to govern industries – established a minimum wage and minimum prices for goods - recovery PWA (Public Works Administration): built bridges, dams, power plants and government buildings -