Studies for some flowering plant families mentioned in course Zygophyllaceae Chenopodiaceae Amaranthaceae Mimosaceae Aizoaceae Cactaceae Boraginaceae Urticaceae

Family:Urticaceae Habit:The Urticaceae are monoecious or dioecious herbs or infrequently shrubs or small trees ,often with specialized stinging hairs. The leaves : alternate or opposite, simple, Flower: minute, unisexual or bisexual The Perianth :mostly 4 or 5 undifferentiated tepals or is sometimes absent. The male flowers have a stamen opposite each perianth segment. The female flowers have a single simple pistil with a superior or inferior ovary that contains one basal ovule in its solitary locule..

Family Chenopodiaceae Habit: Mostly halophytic Herbs Leaves: Simple alternate or opposite, leaves succulent in some species Flower: Minute ,green, bracteate, Actinomorphic,pentamerous, hypogynous, monochlamydeous Perianth: five sepaloids, Androecium: five Stamens Gynoecium:2 united carpels, unilocular ovary ,uniovule ,basal placentation

Family :Amaranthaceae Herbs, rarely woody, with dense or congested inflorescences bearing minute flowers subtended by dry, scarious, papery bracts, and basally united stamens c

Family:Zygophyllaceae Habit:Mostly herbs and shrubs Leaves: leaves opposite,compound pinnate,simple Flower: Bisexual,pentamerous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic Androecium:10 stamens obdiplostemonous Gynoecium:5 united carpels,axile placentation Fruit:Capsule .

Family:Cactaceae Succulent herbs typically with spines arranged in areoles, large solitary flowers, numerous parts and an inferior ovary

Family :Aizoceae Habit and leaf form.  Plants succulent ,Xerophytic, herbs annual, or perennial; with a basal aggregation of leaves, or without conspicuous aggregations of leaves. Leaves minute to medium-sized; alternate, or opposite. Perianth :sepaline, or with distinct calyx and corolla. Androecium :3to ‘many, free of one another, or coherent. Androecium including numerous staminodes Gynoecium (1-20) carpels . Placentation when unilocular become parietal; when plurilocular, axile Fruit fleshy or non-fleshy; dehiscent, or indehiscent; a capsule, or a berry..

Key to the families of the Leguminosae: 1. Flowers actinomorphic ……………………………….……………Mimosaceae 1. Flowers zygomorphic .…………………………………………………………………..….2 2. Perianth showing some connation, the uppermost petal (standard) enclosing the lateral petals (wings)……………………………Fabaceae 2. Perianth with separate parts, the standard enclosed by the wings……………Caesalpiniaceae

Family:Papilionaceae Habit: Some of the plants are herbs or shrubs Leaves: Leaves are simple or compound imparipinnate,alternate,stipulate Flower:Flowers are bisexual, zygomorphic , perigynous, pentamerous Corolla: Five petals, Papilionaceous-posterior petal form standard, 2 lateral petals form wings and two lower petals form keel

Cont. Androecium: the androecium consists of ten stamens which are didelphous having 9stamens united into a bundle and the tenth one in a free condition Gynoecium: consists of single carple ,ovary unilocular. several ovules are arranged in marginal placentation Fruit: It is a small legume which is straight or twisted some fruits are lomentum

Mimosaceae Habit: Mostly herbs, shrubs(Accacia)and trees Leaves:Leaves alternate and bipinnate Flower: actinomorphic, sometimes tetramerous or pentamerous,bisexual,perigynous Androecium: 10 –many free stamens Gynoecium: one carpel, unilocular ovary, many ovules arranged in marginal placentation Fruit : Legume or Lomentum

Ceasalpinaceae Habit:Mostly shrubs or trees Leaves: Aternate,parpinnate Flower:Bisexual,perigynous,pentamerous Androecium: Ten stamens ,free, usually variable in size , arranged in two whorls of 5 each, some may be reduced to staminodes as in Cassia sp. Fruit:Legume

Distinguishing characters of Boraginaceae Plant is provided with hairs bristly and erect hairs. Inflorescence is a helicoid or scorpioid cymose, one sided Flower: Pentamerous,hypogynous,bisexual,actinomorphic Corolla tube often with infoldings or scales (corona). Fruit is a schizocarp splitting into 4 nutlets.