Asahiko Taira President JAPAN AGENCY FOR MARINE-EARTH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (JAMSTEC) Workshop on Science Project Management Oct, 2013, Tokyo Integrated Ocean Drilling Program -50 Years of Legacy and Future Perspective 1

JAMSTEC Outline Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Manned Submersible Deep-sea Drilling Vessel Earth Simulator We contribute to integrated understanding of the Earth‘s system with the world‘s top-class facilities. Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research Headquarters Mutsu Institute for Oceanography Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences Global Change Earth’s Interior Dynamics Biogeosciences Three Latest AUVs Otohime Jimbei Yumeiruka Research Sector Engineering Sector Shinkai6500 Chikyu Total Number of Staff: 1,300 Annual Budget: 500M US$ 2

Chapter I Chapter I A Brief History of Scientific Drilling 3

Scientists have been using drilling technology to understand Earth’s history and dynamics since  Project Mohole ( ): Historic  Deep Sea Drilling Project ( ): Linear  Ocean Drilling Program ( ): Collaborative  Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (2003 – 2013): Global  International Ocean Discovery Program ( ): Global Drilling for Science

Project Mohole attempted to drill through Earth’s oceanic crust to the Mohorovicic Discontinuity and retrieve a sample of the mantle. Project Mohole recovered the first sample of oceanic crust. Although the mantle was never reached, Project Mohole showed that deep ocean drilling was a viable means of obtaining geological samples. Project Mohole IODP-MI

During worldwide operations, Glomar Challenger sailed 96 Legs and drilled 624 sites. Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP) IODP-MI

DSDP: Verified the theory of plate tectonics; Discovered that Antarctica has been ice-covered for 20 million years; Showed that the Mediterranean Sea completely dried up between 5 and 12 Mya. DSDP Scientific Highlights IODP-MI

During ODP, the JOIDES Resolution sailed 110 Legs and drilled 650 sites. Ocean Drilling Program(ODP) IODP-MI

ODP: Defined the longest record of Earth’s natural climate variability; Collected the first marine record of the K/T boundary; Successfully sampled gas hydrates. ODP Scientific Highlights IODP-MI

The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program was the most ambitious of these scientific drilling programs involving:  International partnerships  Multiple Drilling Platforms  Well-defined scientific goals Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP)

Joides Resolution Chikyu MSP Arctic Expedition Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) : International Multi-platform Operation 11 IODP-MI/CDEX

Lead Agencies: Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Technology (MEXT) The U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Contributing Member European Consortium of Ocean Research Drilling Managing Agency (ECORD) 18 countries Associate Member: The People’s Republic of China Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM/Korea) Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC) India Ministry of Earth Science (MoES) Coordination for improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES/Brazil) IODP Partnerships

 Lead Agencies  U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)  Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)  Central Management Organization: (IODP - Management International)  Washington, D.C.  Tokyo, Japan  Implementing Organizations (IOs)  CDEX of JAMSTEC (Japan’s Center for Deep Earth Exploration)  USIO (Ocean Leadership, Texas A&M University, and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory)  ESO (ECORD Science Operator)  Science Advisory Structure (SAS) IODP Structure

MEXT NSF ECORD ESO USIO JAMSTEC Central Management (IODP-MI) Central Management (IODP-MI) IODP Science Advisory Structure IODP Science Advisory Structure International Science Community MSP Chikyu JOIDES Resolution Associate Members MOU Drilling Project Drilling Proposal Science Party 100M 1M8M17M 6M 65M 25M 1０M1０M ４M４M ３M３M

SAS Proposal Preparation and Flow Proponent (Science Community) Proponent (Science Community) Site Survey (by proponent) Site Survey (by proponent) Full Proposal IODP-MI Science Evaluation Safety Evaluation Ranking Science Evaluation Safety Evaluation Ranking IODP-MI & IOs Operations Task Force IODP-MI & IOs Operations Task Force Operation by IO

The Deep Biosphere and the Subseafloor Ocean; Environmental Change, Processes, and Effects; Solid Earth Cycles and Geodynamics (Seismology of plate boundary, 21 st Century Mohole) IODP Initial Science Plan

17 Gulf Coast Repository Bremen Core Repository Kochi Core Center 400km of Legacy Cores IODP/JAMSTEC

Chapter II IODP and D/V Chikyu 18

Deep Sea Drilling Vessel Chikyu Data Length Breadth Depth Height （ from sea surface ） Draft Gross Tonnage Complement Cruising speed Drilling Max water depth 2,500 m Length of drill string 10,000 m Sub sea systems 21-inch Riser 2,500 m Blow out preventer (BOP) 210 m 38 m 16.2 m About 121 m 9.2 m 56,752 tons 200 people About 10 kt （ future 4,000 m ） （ future 12,000 m ） （ future 4,000 m ） 19

Riserless Drilling Joides Resolution Riser Drilling Chikyu 20

Transponders Acoustic Signal Acoustic Transponder GPS Satellite GPS Radio Signal GPS Antenna TypeElectric Thrusters Azimuthal Thrusters 4,200kW x 6ea Tunnel Thruster 2,550kW x 1ea Thrusters & Dynamic Positioning System

22 Onboard Laboratory

Drilling Expeditions by D/V CHIKYU 23

Chapter III International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) from Oct to (Sept.2023) 24

New IODP Structure MEXT NSF ECORD Chikyu IODP Board JR Facility Board ECORD Facility Board Science Advisory Panels Science Community IODP Forum MSP (ESO) MSP (ESO) Chikyu (JAMSTEC) Chikyu (JAMSTEC) JOIDES Resolution (USIO) JOIDES Resolution (USIO) Chikyu Partners JR Partners JR Partners Advice New IODP No Central Management (IODP-MI)

April 21 st -23 rd,Tokyo Chikyu +10 Workshop 26 Dynamic Fault Behavior Ocean Crust and Earth’s Mantle Deep Life and Hydrothermal Systems Continent Formation Sediment Secrets 127 White paper submission 397 participants from 21 nations 10 keynote lectures 3 full days program 53 drilling project idea sheet submission 8 Flagship projects and 11 Discovery projects were identified.

IODP New Science Plan Climate and Ocean Change; Biosphere Frontiers; Earth Connections; Earth in Motion

Conclusions Legacy: Most Successful International Project Science and Community Driven Open Competition and Peer Review for Proposals Large Amount of Legacy Core Samples and Data for Further Use Expedition as a Platform for Capacity Building Challenges Management Issues and Financial Challenges for Multiple Platform Operation Engineering Innovation IODP and Other Larger-scale Science Projects 28

Acknowledgements 29 Heartfelt thanks to all who contributed time and effort in supporting IODP and this presentation: Drs. Kiyoshi Suyehiro (IODP-MI President), Yoshi Kawamura(IODP-MI), Nobu Eguchi (CDEX-JAMSTEC), Shinichi Kuramoto(CDEX-JAMSTEC) and our world-wide IODP friends.