Early Inhabitants in Pennsylvania Chapter 2 Lessons 5-8

Lesson 5 Land Bridge – bridge made from land or ice Native American tribes came to North America 12,000 years ago, over the land bridge between Asia and North America – Hunted animals and slowly spread across the continent – No written language

2 large groups of Indians located in Pennsylvania, classified according to what language they spoke – Algonquin Tribes – Iroquois Tribes Clans – small villages (named after an animal) Woodland Indians – Indians who lived in the woods.

Algonquian Tribes – Delaware – Shawnee – Nanticoke Iroquois Tribes – Cayuga – Mohawk – Oneida – Onondaga – Seneca Tuscarora, Erie, & Susquehannock followed later Iroquois Confederacy – league made up of the original five feuding tribes

Systems of Governments – Chief and tribal council members selected by the women – Tribal council – main role was to keep peace – Justice system “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth” – Simple rule of right and wrong

TIPI - type of wigwam with a conical shape WIGWAM - small Algonquin homes built from small trees

Longhouse - Iroquois houses that held many families

Algonquian homes – single family – Sweathouse – like a spa, used to stay clean Iroquois longhouses – multiple families – 20 x 100 ft in size – Typical family included parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and their children. – When an Iroquois man married, he moved in with his wife’s family, but did not belong to their clan. When too old, went back to mothers clan.

Money – Trading and bartering Bartering – trading goods Wampum belts - made from shells and ornaments, used for trading or recording historical events Roles – Men were hunters and warriors – Women and children skinned animals, prepared and cooked meals, tended to crops, and did all the other work. – Children were taught to respect their elders and appreciate life. Clothing – Deerskin was main fabric

Religion – Worshiped nature and believe in one “Great Spirit” – Revolved around nature and animals – Could contact spirits through dreams Transportation – Canoe – main means of traveling in the water – Land travel – series of trails crisscrossing the state – Different paths for different reasons Hunting, visiting, trading, and fighting “Moss on the trees” – in case they got lost

Lesson 6 Conflict – war between opposing ideas Early European Settlements – Sweden, France, Holland, and England – mapped and claim land in PA prior to Penn’s Birth. – Wanted to stake claim to riches in new world

Scene for Conflict – Native Americans – did not view land as theirs – Europeans – wanted to buy that the Native Americans were originally willing to share. – Jamestown & Plymouth 1638 – Swedes settled near Philadelphia area Governed by Johan Printz

1664 – King if England sent fleet of ships and to take over the Dutch colonies, surrendered without firing a shot Colonists captured small Dutch fort on the Delaware. Dutch retaliated and conquered Swedes Retaliated – to get revenge Impact of Swedes and Dutch on PA: – Architecture, customs, and names.

Lesson 7 Absolute Monarchy – Church of England - General Assembly – Holy Experiment – Imprison – Land Grant – Religious Freedom –

William Penn Starts the Colony of Pennsylvania Formation was centered on a man named William Penn William Penn – born 1644 – Attended Oxford University – Attended meetings of a religious group called the Society of Friends or Quakers Quakers believed – everyone was equal – War and fighting were wrong

Church of England – – King’s church during 1600’s – by law, everyone belonged to the King’s church – Other beliefs were not tolerated (jail) Penn was kicked out of Oxford for his religious beliefs, member of Quakers

Penn imagined starting a colony where people of all religions could practice their beliefs without fear of being imprisoned. – Imprison – put in jail Penn did not believe in absolute monarchy – Absolute Monarchy – rulers who believed only they had the wisdom, vision, or authority to decide everything for the people

How did Penn get the land for Pennsylvania? – King borrowed large sums of money from Penn’s father, an admiral. – After fathers death, king could not repay the money he borrowed from the Penn’s – Penn took opportunity to ask for a land grant in North America. – Land Grant – being given land – 1681, King granted most of land that now is Pennsylvania. Next to the king, Penn was one of the largest landowners in the world.

Penn’s Holy Experiment 1681, Penn began to plan, a place where all could worship as they feel fit, everyone was equal, not persecuted Holy Experiment - William Penn’s plan for PA, religious freedom, people had say in gov’t, & all people were created equal While establishing colony, Penn got along with the Delaware Indians Indians call Penn “Brother Omas” Penn paid Tamanend, the Delaware Chief, for the land the King of England gave him

When people of Europe heard about Penn’s ideas, settlers began to flock to Pennsylvania Frames of Government – William Penn’s written plans for his government (4 frames) – Religious Freedom - able to worship who/what you want First frame of Government – written in England in Two separate law-making bodies. – General Assembly – group of people appointed to make rules on how PA should be governed

Amazing ideas for government – 1.Trial by jury 2.Freedom of the press 3.Freedom of religion 4.Penal code for criminals 5.Process for amending, or changing laws 6.All children by age of 12 should begin training in a useful trade or skill Philadelphia – City of Brotherly Love

When colony of Pennsylvania was established, Penn put forth 3 laws throughout the years: – 1682, “The Great Law” – stated that all people were created equal – 1682, “Frame of Friendship” – allowed the people to set up a council and General Assembly, choosing them from the citizens – 1701, “The Charter of Privileges” – said that General Assembly could now suggest laws to be considered by the King/Queen of England. – How did these laws influence colonial independence?

1701 – Trouble in Europe brought Penn back, after only having 3 years to set up his state – Penn suffered a stroke – His wife, Hannah, took control and ran government 1718 – William Penn died Hannah ran government until her death in 1726 Pennsylvania colony run by the Penn family until the American Revolution began in 1775

Lesson 8 Pennsylvania becomes a Religious and Multicultural Haven

Age of Enlightenment – During the 1500s in the European Christian world, there was only one church, one religion. – Everyone was expected to practice Catholicism – Time where people began to think differently and try new ideas – Many people did not agree with the Catholic beliefs. Protestant Reformation - Protests of the Catholic Church led to splintering into new religions. Protestant religious groups were persecuted and not tolerated.

Religious groups looked for a haven (safe place) to speak freely. – Word of religious freedom in the American colonies got their attention. – Tolerance, when you respect rights, opinions, and customs of different ethnic or religious groups, was appealing. – Ethnocentrism – the beliefs that one’s ethnic groups is superior to others. Pennsylvania was founded to eliminate the beliefs of underlying ethnocentrism. William Penn thought that people of all nations and religions, along with the Native Americans, could live together peacefully in his colony.

Prejudice and Stereotyping – judging and classifying. Melting pot – all different ethnic groups have blended or melted together to form one group.

E migrate – to move from your home country to a new country (EXIT) I mmigrant – once you have entered into a new country (IN) Quakers – “Their Main Beliefs” – Purpose to life is to worship god through spiritual friends and fellowship. – Started colonies first school. – Started first jail. – Believed a person should be trained in a trade or craft while in jail

Different groups that came to Pennsylvania – Ethnic Group (from) - Religious Group - When arrived – England – Quakers – 1680s – England - Shakers s – Germany - Mennonites – 1710s – Switzerland - Amish – 1720s – Germany - Moravians – 1740s – Germany - Brethrens – 1740s – Germany - Seventh Day Baptists – 1730s – Scots-Irish - Presbyterians – 1730s – African-Americans – Many religions s – Ireland - Catholics – 1700s – No homeland – Jewish s – Many homelands – indentured servants – 1680s