WHAT IS THE MUSIC INDUSTRY? MUSIC INDUSTRY DEFINITION – A BUSINESS MAINLY SPLIT INTO FOUR PARTS INCLUDING:RECORDING OF THE MUSIC, SONG WRITING, PUBLISHING, LIVE MUSIC AND MANAGING THE ARTIST

RECORDING This is a map of the the recording process, In order for an artist to record they must first find a record label on which to record on, following this they should choose whether to cover a song, which they would have to find the rights to, or record an original song the next action in this process is recording the singers and artists, after this a backtrack maybe added, the product will then we put onto a CD and duplicated for further distribution

SONG WRITING AND PUBLISHING Song writing and publishing agreements When an individual writes a song there are certain terms and conditions that apply when publishing this song into the music industry. The song is split up is into two halves; the writer’s share and then the Publisher’s share. So, for 100% of all publishing revenues that a particular song generates, it will be 50% for the songwriter and 50% for the publisher.

LIVE MUSIC Due to the up rise in illegal downloading of songs and albums the main source of income for artists these days is from doing gigs, concerts and festival i.e. live music The main process in live music is this: promoter gets the performing artist and a venue owner together so that they can arrange a contract. A booking agency represents the artist to the promoters, It is the booking agencys job to make deals and book the artist in for performances. Consumers usually buy tickets either from the venue or from a ticket distribution service such as Ticketmaster. Record companies may provide tour support and they may finance a tour in the hopes that it will help promote the sale of recordings. However, in the 21st century, it has become more common to release recordings to promote tours, rather than book tours to promote records. Successful artists will usually employ a road crew: a semi-permanent touring organization that travels with the artist. This is headed by a tour manager and provides stage lighting, live sound reinforcement, musical instrument tuning and maintenance and transportation. On large tours, the road crew may also include an accountant, stage manager and catering. Local crews are typically hired to help move equipment on and off stage. On small tours, all of these jobs may be handled by just a few roadies, or by the musicians themselves.road crew: a semi-permanent touring organization that travels with the artist. This is headed by a tour manager and provides stage lighting, live sound reinforcement, musical instrument tuning and maintenance and transportation. On large tours, the road crew may also include an accountant, stage manager and catering. Local crews are typically hired to help move equipment on and off stage. On small tours, all of these jobs may be handled by just a few roadies, or by the musicians themselves.

ARTIST MANAGEMENT In order to become successful an artist may hire various people to help them on the way such as: Artist manager – also known as the talent manager oversees all situations that may crop up in an artists career in exchange for a percentage of the artists income. Entertainment lawyer – focuses on legal services of the music industry including contracts with record companies and various other deals Business manager – It’s their job to sort out all finance and book keeping

WHAT IS A RECORD LABEL? A record label is a brand or trade mark which takes care of the marketing and recording of an artists songs and music videos, it also covers the production, manufacturing, promoting, marketing and distribution.

DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS IN A RECORD LABEL A&R (Artists and Repertoire) – Discover new talent, choose what songs should be on the album and choose where the album should be recorded Artist Development - promotes and publicizes the artists over the course of their career Promotion Department – main purpose is to make sure that the artists songs get played on the radio Publicity – This departments job is to get word out about a new artist Sales – This group oversees all retail in the record business Admin – controls finance and legal contracts

MAJOR LABELS VS. INDEPENDENT LABELS Warner Brothers Records BMG EMI Domino Rough Trade Records Apple Records

WHAT IS PRS AND PPL? PRS (Performing rights society) is a UK copyright collection society undertaking collective rights management in the music industry PPL (phonographic performance Ltd) is using recorded music on behalf of the record companies and performers rights i.e. on television ads, radio and CD’s

WHO IS IN A RECORDING STUDIO? Technicians Sound engineer/mixer Record producer e.g. Timbaland, Mark Ronson, Dr Dre The artist

WHAT DOES A MUSIC PUBLISHER DO? HOW DOES THE PUBLISHING SYSTEM WORK? music publishers sort out administering copyrights, licensing songs to record companies and others, and collecting royalties on behalf of the songwriter. Basically the way the publishing system works is like this: the song is written, a contract is sorted with the publisher, the song is used and the royalties are collected.