Bell Work Name three common traits for each of the following: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Lanthanides, and Actinides.

Physical Science – Lecture 60 Non-Metals and Metalloids

Metalloids Elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals are called metalloids.

What are the Properties of the Metalloids? The boiling points, melting points, and densities of the metalloids vary. The metalloids make good semiconductors.

Where are the Metalloids? The metalloids are located along the diagonal line between the metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

Nonmetals Elements that don't have the properties of metals are called nonmetals.

Where are the Non-metals? The nonmetals are located on the upper right side of the periodic table, separated from metals by a line that cuts diagonally through the periodic table.

Who’s in the Family? The nonmetal element group is usually considered to consist of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and selenium. It also includes halogens and noble gases.

Common Traits of Nonmetals The nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Solid nonmetals are brittle and lack metallic luster. Most nonmetals gain electrons easily.

Common Traits of Non-Metals Nonmetals have high ionization energies and electronegativities.

THE NOBLE or INERT GASES These gases are located in the far right column of the periodic table. This is group 8A, 18 or 0 depending on the textbook.

WHO'S IN THE FAMILY? Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).

Noble Gases All of the inert gases have full outer shells with 8 electrons (except Helium who only has 2). This makes them non-reactive.

Common Traits of Noble Gases The noble gases have low boiling points and are all gases at room temperature.

Their Usefulness Neon is used in advertising signs. Argon is used in light bulbs. Helium is used to cool things and in balloons. Xenon is used in headlights for new cars.

Summary of Common Properties Fairly nonreactive Complete valence shell High ionization energies Very low electronegativities Low boiling points (all gases at room temperature)

HALOGENS Halogens (halogen family) are in Group 17 or 7A.

Who is in this family? The elements included are Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At).

Shared Traits They all have seven electrons in their outer shell. They need one electron to have a full shell.

Common Traits Halogens range from solid (I 2 ) to liquid (Br 2 ) to gaseous (F 2 and Cl 2 ) at room temperature. The halogens have very high electronegativities. These nonmetals form ions with a -1 charge.

Reactivity Fluorine is actually the most reactive element of all. It is a halogen. As you move down the group, reactivity decreases for the halogens.

HALIDES When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide.

Their Usefulness You find these elements in bleaches, disinfectants, and salts.

Summary of Common Properties Very high electronegativities Seven valence electrons (one short of a stable octet) Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals and alkaline earths

Groups 13-15: Not all one Type Groups include some metals, some metalloids, and some nonmetals. The transition from metal to nonmetal is gradual across the periodic table.

Common Trends in Mixed Groups Remember that even in mixed groups of elements, the trends in the periodic table still hold true. Atom size, ease of removing electrons, and ability to form bonds can be predicted as you move across and down the table.