Section 4: Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Nuclear reactions have many useful applications, but they also have harmful biological effects.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Tenth lecture Last lecture.

Advertisements

My Chapter 29 Lecture.

1 Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry Use of 131 I in detecting Hyper- or hypo- thyroidism.

Chapter 4 & 25 Nuclear Chemistry

Chapter 24 : Nuclear Reactions and Their Applications 24.1 Radioactive Decay and Nuclear Stability 24.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay 24.3 Nuclear.

19.1Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay 19.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay 19.3 Nuclear Transformations 19.4Detection and Uses of Radioactivity.

Chapter 9: Nuclear Chemistry

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. PHYSICAL SCIENCE sixth edition Bill W. Tillery Chapter 13.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 10. Homework Assignment Chap 10 Sections only Review Questions (p 211): 1 – 6 Multiple Choice Questions:

1 Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation 9.1 Natural Radioactivity.

Ionising Radiation.

Nuclear Reactions Chemistry Mrs. Coyle. Part I Fission and Fusion.

Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry 25.4 Radiation in Your Life

Section 3 Nuclear Changes Section 3: Nuclear Radiation Today Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Where is Radiation? Beneficial Uses of Nuclear Radiation Risks.

Chapter 24 Applications of Nuclear Chemistry Read introduction page 776 Quick review of chapter 3 notes.

Radioactivity Chapter 10 section 1 page

Nuclear _____________of atom is changed Particles or energy is absorbed or emitted from nucleus Can involve one atom or multiple atoms New elements can.

Nuclear Chemistry Introduction Isotopes

Review Atomic Number (Z) – number of protons

Transmutation Transmutation is the process of atoms of unstable nuclide A changing into atoms of nuclide B. This can occur naturally (by radioactive decay)

Personal Radiation Dose IONIZING AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION Non-ionizing: Carries LESS energy Can only excite the water molecule. Ionizing: Carries MORE.

Uses of Nuclear Chemistry. Fission & Fusion Fission: the splitting of a nucleus into many pieces  large release of energy Nuclear reactors Fusion: the.

“The World We Create” NATS 101 Section 6 Don’t forget to turn in your homework! 02/02.

1 Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 9.3 Radiation Measurement.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 4.3 Radiation Measurement Chapter 4 Nuclear Chemistry © 2013 Pearson Education,

Radiation Electromagnetic radiation Ionizing radiation –capable of separating molecules into cations and anions –e.g. X-rays Non-ionizing radiation –doesn’t.

Introduction to Radioisotopes: Measurements and Biological Effects

Nuclear Chemistry.

,  and  -rays as well as neutrons X-rays.. doubly charged helium nuclei (42He2+) emitted by radioactive elements with a very high atomic number not.

Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear forces and Radioactivity Two forces are at work inside the nucleus of an atom.

1.3-1 Types of Radioactivity.  By the end of this section you will be able to: ◦ Observe nuclear changes and explain how they change an element. ◦ Express.

Ch Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions

Radioactivity SPS3. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma.

What is Radiation? Our sun is a large source of radiation. Radiation is energy that travels through space.

Interactions of radiation with Matter

1 Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation 9.1 Natural Radioactivity Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

 A radioisotope is a radioactive isotope of an element.  Ex: A natural radioisotope of Uranium-238 is Uranium-235  Radioisotopes are constantly decaying.

“The World We Create” NATS 101 Section 6 New Homework Posted in D2L. Due on Tuesday at 2 PM. 01/28.

10.1 Radioactivity Understand Radioactivity and distinguish between the types of decay.

Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 4.1 Natural Radioactivity Chapter 4 Nuclear Chemistry © 2013 Pearson Education,

DE Chemistry – King William High School.  Radiation – small particles of energy that are spontaneously emitted from unstable nuclei that is radioactive.

Nuclear Radiation Applications. Penetrating Power.

Conversations with the Earth Tom Burbine

Radiation Units. 1-Radioactivity Units n Physical Units – Becquerel n Amount of radioactive sample s.t. there is 1 atomic decay per second n Henri Becquerel:

Chapter 21 Section 3 Nuclear Radiation Nuclear Radiation.

Less dangerous Biological Effects of Radiation nonionizing radiation: bumps e – to higher energy levels or heats molecules; ionizing radiation: knocks.

Unit 9, Chapter 30 Radioactivity. Vocabulary Terms  radioactive  alpha decay  beta decay  gamma decay  radiation  isotope  radioactive decay 

Chapter 19 The Nucleus: A Chemist’s View AP*. AP Learning Objectives  LO 4.3 The student is able to connect the half-life of a reaction to the rate constant.

Chapter 24: Nuclear Chemistry CHEMISTRY Matter and Change.

Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry. Chapter 11 Table of Contents Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Stable and Unstable Nuclides 11.2.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Nuclear chemistry is the study of the structure of atomic nuclei and the changes they undergo. Nuclear Radiation.

What is radiation  A form of energy that can move through empty space.  Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.

CONCURRENT ENROLLMENT CHEMISTRY

Chapter 9 – Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions

Uses of radiation.

IONIZING RADIATION IN MEDICINE.

Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides.

Nuclear Radiation.

Radiation Units.

Electromagnetic Radiation

Nature of Atoms Study of the Atom began with study of Radiation

E ISOTOPES, NUCLIDES protons, p neutrons, n

Review Atomic Number (Z) – number of protons

Review Atomic Number (Z) – number of protons

Radiation and YOU .

Types of Radiation, Detection and Biological Effects

Presentation transcript:

Section 4: Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Nuclear reactions have many useful applications, but they also have harmful biological effects. K What I Know W What I Want to Find Out L What I Learned

2(H)Organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and predict trends from data. Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Essential Questions How is radiation detected, measured, and used? What are some of the damaging effects of radiation on biological systems? Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Review isotope Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Vocabulary New ionizing radiation radiotracer

Detecting Radioactivity Radiation with enough energy to ionize matter it collides with is called ionizing radiation. The Geiger counter uses ionizing radiation to detect radiation. Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Detecting Radioactivity A scintillation counter detects bright flashes when ionizing radiation excites electrons of certain types of atoms. Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Uses of Radiation A radiotracer is a radioactive isotope that emits non-ionizing radiation and is used to signal the presence of an element or specific substrate. When used safely, radiation can be very useful. Radiation can damage or destroy healthy cells. Radiation can also destroy unhealthy cells, such as cancer cells. Unfortunately, radiation therapy also destroys healthy cells in the process of destroying cancerous cells. Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Biological Effects of Radiation Radiation can be very harmful. The damage depends on type of radiation, type of tissue, penetrating power, and distance from the source. High energy radiation is dangerous because it produces free radicals. Free radicals are atoms or molecules that contain one or more unpaired electrons. Free radicals are highly reactive. Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Biological Effects of Radiation Two units measure doses of radiation. The rad stands for Radiation- Absorbed Dose, which is the amount of radiation that results in 0.01 J of energy per kilogram of tissue. The rad does not account for the type of tissue that is absorbing the radiation. The rad is multiplied by a factor related to its effect on the tissue involved and is called the rem, Roentgen Equivalent for Man. Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Biological Effects of Radiation I 1 d 1 2 = I 2 d 2 2 where I = intensity and d = distance. Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education

Applications and Effects of Nuclear Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions How is radiation detected, measured, and used? What are some of the damaging effects of radiation on biological systems? Vocabulary ionizing radiationradiotracer