Planning for Public Transport 公共交通规划 Richard Scurfield 理查德. 斯科菲 The World Bank 世界银行 Module 4: Urban Transport Planning 第五讲：城市交通规划

Organization of the Presentation Role of public transport in the city Choosing the core mode of mass transit Ownership and management of bus services Public transport regulation Providing essential infrastructure for buses How to promote better public transport in China?

Role of Public Transport Public transit is part of the “transport solution” for all cities The motorized mode of transport for the majority Planning for public transport services is essential Must integrate public transport with land- use plans Provision of good public transport can be expensive, capital and operating costs

Choosing a Core Mode of Mass Transit Most cities will continue to rely on buses In cities of more than 5 million there is likely to be an economic case for a railway However, what can each city afford? What the competing uses for scarce resources? Are basic welfare services available? Rail-based systems are expensive A very few cities cannot afford NOT to have one N.B. in only a very few mega-cities do more people ride rail based modes than road based modes

Investment Planning for New Systems Difficult to balance technical and political pressures Most studies over-state patronage, and under-state costs Less costly options must be evaluated, bus rapid transit, traditional bus systems Segregated transit systems need to be integrated into urban development plans

Ownership of Bus Services Public ownership remains common in Europe, USA, India and China Private ownership is most common in Africa, Latin America, SE Asia, UK Privately operated services are more efficient, less costly, more responsive China should consider slowly taking advantage of the benefits of private ownership of services

Regulation of bus services Urban bus services need to be regulated On-road competition can be costly (congestion and environmental costs) Effective and efficient regulation is more difficult than ownership Must separated ownership and regulatory function Requires an effective and transparent regulatory framework

Providing Infrastructure for Buses Buses use roads as their “track” Buses need special facilities Terminals, stops Allocated road space—bus priority facilities Bus Rapid Transit (e.g. Curitiba, Bogata) Cheap form of mass transit Extreme form of bus priority Needs good planning Good planning, management, enforcement of road use is essential

How to promote better public transport in China? Bus systems will remain the core mode in most cities for the foreseeable future Rail systems should only be planned and built after extensive studies Improve the efficiency of enterprises through commercialization Separate the roles of operators and regulators Find a greater role for the private sector Must manage roads to assist transit