Understanding 20th and 21st Century Music Technology Listen to the following recording and identify the style of this music from the following options, providing a reason for your answer; Jazz funk Soul/R’n’B Indie New Wave Electroacoustic Reggae World Music 20th/21st Century Classical

Reggae

Developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s

No Woman No Cry Three Little Birds Listen to these famous Reggae Tracks by Bob Marley and write down any similarities

Incorporates elements of Rhythm n Blues (RnB), Jazz, Calypso, African, Latin American and others Usually in 4/4 time The accents are usually on the 2nd and 4th beats of the bar Tempo is usually slower than a typical rock tempo Instruments used: Bass Guitar, Guitar, Keyboards, Vocals, Horns, Drums Characteristics

Bass Guitar The bass guitar has a dominant role in Reggae Music It usually sounds quite thick and heavy and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies are emphasised. Click here Bass Guitar

The Guitar or Piano (or sometimes both) play off beat rhythms known as the Shank It has a very dampened, short and scratchy chop sound, almost like a percussion instrument Listen to an example of this Shank

Keyboards The Reggae-Organ shuffle is unique to Reggae. Typically a Hammond Organ-style sound is used to play chords with a choppy feel. This is known as the bubble. Listen to a keyboard in reggae music. Keyboards

Horn sections are frequently used in Reggae playing introductions, syncopated chords and counter-melodies. Other instruments used include: Saxophone, trumpets, trombone In more recent Reggae Music, real instruments are sometimes replaced by synthesizers or recorded samples. Horns

UB40- Rat in mi kitchen Listening Activity Accents on beats 2 and 4, horn section, strong bass, 4/4 time, developed in Jamaica This track is in a Reggae style. Describe the main features of Reggae music and how it developed. How is the stereo field used to add excitement and interest to this recording? Which instrument takes the lead? Name two instruments other than drums, bass and the lead instrument that are used in this extract. Click here for link. Sound is panned from left to right at the beginning Trumpet Vocals, keyboard/synthesizer, horns

The specials – ghost town Listening Activity The lyrics of this song describe a neglected inner-city area. Describe three ways in which the recording between 0.07-1.43 reflects this. You may refer to musical or technological features of the extract in your answer. 1. 2. 3. The organ plays an ascending musical phrase between 0.13 and 0.19. on which of the following types of scale is this ascending pattern based? pentatonic major minor chromatic Click here for link. Tonality – minor Vocals – melody Vocals – recording quite dull (EQ) Heavy bass/rhythm section chromatic

Create a mind map which contains the following information about Reggae Music: (At least) Three attributes (or key characteristics) of reggae music. One or more technologies that are essential to this genre A key innovator of this genre Any pieces of music that you have listened to in class or out with class that have helped develop your understanding of this genre Homework Understanding 1.1

Reggae