Dan Minchin Marine Organism Investigations, Ireland Coastal Research and Planning Institute, University of Klaipeda, Lithuania, September/November 2013

There are different perceptions about management. It should be a team effort It depends on reliable and timely information

Wide range of resources Many fish can be captured by mistake Can be damage to the habitats Can be pollution issues Populations may be de- stabalized

Exploitation never so high Grave concerns for future supplies of food Mismanaged resources in the past Can we improve our situation?

Can we change this with better management How will we mange resources overall Different attitudes pose conflict

We have a generally high calorific intake Not all fish!

Not of catches but of biomass!! How to politically manage this? More aquaculture production?

High trophic fish declines. Do we feed on low trophic fishes and filterfeeding invertebrates?

Long term trends significant Improved efficiency of fishing a problem

Could the use of nets be selecting for the larger fish? Would it be better to longline for fish than trawl?

Moderately good fish catches Poor relative aquaculture production

Trawls remove much unwanted materials, bycatch and other Recovery of these areas takes some time For fish it is a lottery of survival unless some reserve areas. Satellite picture Gulf of Mexico

Future exploitation: Oil Methane hydrates Exclusion zones

Aliens still arriveAliens expand to deeper water

Diahorritic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) renders bivalves in culture unmarketable Can be sold following a rest-period to de- contaminate Can cause marketing problems for suppliers

since 1600 scientists 200 institutes 20 member countries Expert groups Data centre ICES J. Mar. Sci. + others Annual meetings Advice provided Co-ordinates and promotes marine research on the environment and living resources in North Atlantic since

Co-operation since 1982 in Arctic and Atlantic in Fisheries management including deep water resources Conservation of resources beyond national jurisdictions

Management of salmon stocks north of 36 º N founded in 1982 Made up of three regional commissions Research and co-operation in the management of stocks

The organisation ceased to function as from 2006 Managed living resources and fisheries through research and management

Management and study of mammals in the North Atlantic Cetaceans and pinnidpeds Operating since 1992 Includes committee on hunting methods Includes the management of walrus in the North Atlantic

Intergovermental fishery organisation for conserving tuna and tuna-like species operating since 1969 In all about 30 species involved in research and management

Founded in 1979 to undertake rational management of marine resources Research and management Has own Journal

Revised organisation now active since 2004 Determines rational management approaches based on scientific advice for fisheries and aquaculture

Founded in 1908 and involves 22 countries Geo-physical, chemical and biological studies Six scientific committees and researchers

Established in 1957 by FAO and covers all inland waters, lakes and rivers in Europe Involves all commercially fished species and aquaculture Forum for collaboration for research and management

Aims to protect the marine environment of the Baltic Sea area since 1974 Develops environmental standards and has ecological objectives

Protection of the marine environment outside of the Baltic Region involving 15 states operating since 1974 Managing pollutants and maritime activities, climate and geological resources

The Georges Bank cod fishery, was once one of the most productive fisheries in the world A closure of the fishery Much local distress Recent indications of an upturn

Conservation zones Exclusion of fishing leads to habitat recovery and natural population development Fisheries nearby can benefit

Have a closed season for the fishery in Canada

The last oyster fishery in Europe using sail was in Cornwall A law since 1868 made it illegal to gather by mechanical means

‘V’ notching lobsters A notch is cut out of the tail of berried lobsters. It is illegal to land these for sale The berried – those with eggs- lobsters are productive nand help to sustain the stock Practice began in 1917 in Maine

Mesh size of nets Larger nesh sizes enable more small fish to pass through. These are not killed as by- catch and provide for the future catches

We do not have sufficient information for all importanat stocks. Many stocks in trouble still.

You will need to impress others!