Filth Fly Symposium Carrion Fly and Disease Vector Activity Associated with a Decomposing Corpse LTJG D. England Preliminary Field Evaluations of Commercially Available Filth Fly Traps CDR D. Szumlas Fly Trapping and Control in Arid EnvironmentsDr. J. Hogsette Techniques for Evaluating Insecticide Resistance in Filth Flies Dr. P. Kauffman New Attractants in Fly Trapping and ControlDr. C. Geden New Fly Control TechnologiesDr. P. Koehler

Preliminary Evaluation of Commercially Available Filth Fly Traps CDR Daniel Szumlas and Dr. Todd Walker Navy Entomology Center Of Excellence, Jacksonville, Florida Dr. Chris Geden and Dr. Jerry Hogsette CMAVE, USDA Gainesville, FL

Filth Fly Problem Situations Sanitation is the most important factor in fly control Sanitation is the most important factor in fly control Sanitation levels can be modified where adult flies feed and larvae breed Sanitation levels can be modified where adult flies feed and larvae breed On Camp - mess halls, latrines, dishwashing areas, soakage pits, garbage handling areas, burn pits On Camp - mess halls, latrines, dishwashing areas, soakage pits, garbage handling areas, burn pits

Filth Fly Problem Situations Problem Areas = Sites off limits: Problem Areas = Sites off limits: Outside the camp: villages and villagers w/ unsanitary habits or domesticated animals, landfills, sewage treatment facilities, etc. Outside the camp: villages and villagers w/ unsanitary habits or domesticated animals, landfills, sewage treatment facilities, etc.

Fly control options when source reduction & sanitation levels are beyond our control? Exclusion Exclusion Pesticides Pesticides Pesticides may be limited and Pesticides may be limited and Flies develop resistance quickly Flies develop resistance quickly Trapping is a viable option as part of management program Trapping is a viable option as part of management program

Fly Traps for Evaluation Objectives: Objectives: Test traps with potential for use in long-term control program Test traps with potential for use in long-term control program Re-usable or with large capacity Re-usable or with large capacity Ready & easy to use …bait provided, just add water Ready & easy to use …bait provided, just add water

Commercial Fly traps Re-useable - Jar/Bottle Traps,

Commercial Fly traps disposable- Bag traps Farnam FlyRelief $3.99 RESCUE!® Disposable Fly Trap $3.99 FliesBeGone $11-15

Which commercial fly traps work best?

Fly Magnet Victor Final Flight Troy Biosciences Terminator Farnam

Ball Trap ISCA (improved McPhail trap)

Troy Biosciences Fermone Big Boy Advantage (J.F. Oaks) Fly trap

Oak Stump Fly Trap

Squeeze & Snap (Trece’ Storgard)

FliesBeGone, Combined Distributors, Inc.

Gainesville: 4 Dairy animal research sites

Jacksonville: Clay County waste transfer site

Trap placement Site conditions affect trap catch drastically Site conditions affect trap catch drastically Wind, sun exposure, temperature, flight paths, distance from and to: breeding/resting/feeding sites Wind, sun exposure, temperature, flight paths, distance from and to: breeding/resting/feeding sites

Trap placement Traps were placed equidistant from each other and from closest available source of flies. Traps were placed equidistant from each other and from closest available source of flies. 10 ft apart; 2 ft from ground; rotated daily, for 7 days 10 ft apart; 2 ft from ground; rotated daily, for 7 days

Collecting & Processing Day 7: Trap contents filtered Day 7: Trap contents filtered Flies and debris collected in ziplock plastic bags Flies and debris collected in ziplock plastic bags Sorted as either House flies or Blow Flies (Calliphorid/Sarcophagid) Sorted as either House flies or Blow Flies (Calliphorid/Sarcophagid) Counted Counted

Gainesville Sites

Results

Results

Results Important Factors: Bait Trap design/geometry

Results

Conclusions: Best so Far Best Candidates for filth fly management programs: 1. Terminator, Farnum 2. Final Flight, Troy Biosciences 3. Victor Fly Magnet 4. FliesBeGone, Combined Distributors, Inc.

Dr. Chris Geden’s Group Dr. Walker Thanks to those who assisted.

Preliminary Evaluation of Commercially Available Filth Fly Traps CDR Daniel Szumlas and Dr. Todd Walker Navy Entomology Center Of Excellence, Jacksonville, Florida Dr. Chris Geden and Dr. Jerry Hogsette CMAVE, USDA Gainesville, FL

Troy Biosciences Fermone Big Boy Advantage (J.F. Oaks) Fly trap Troy Biosciences Final Flight

Introduction Good Afternoon, Welcome to the filth fly symposium Good Afternoon, Welcome to the filth fly symposium I am CDR Szumlas, from NEC Jax, along with I am CDR Szumlas, from NEC Jax, along with Dr. Jerry Hogsette from CMAVE USDA Gainesville Dr. Jerry Hogsette from CMAVE USDA Gainesville Moderate this session on filth fly biology, ecology, and control strategies. Moderate this session on filth fly biology, ecology, and control strategies. On deployment, SOMETIMES there are vector borne diseases On deployment, SOMETIMES there are vector borne diseases ALWAYS flies ALWAYS flies The ORDER OF TOPICS was loosely put together as a field scenario where The ORDER OF TOPICS was loosely put together as a field scenario where On deployment, a source of flies is emerging from a dog or camel carcass or garbage or feces up the road… On deployment, a source of flies is emerging from a dog or camel carcass or garbage or feces up the road… what’s going on there, ESPECIALLY THE CARCASS what’s going on there, ESPECIALLY THE CARCASS Got Flies, want to control them using traps…WHAT ARE THE BEST TRAPS? Got Flies, want to control them using traps…WHAT ARE THE BEST TRAPS? IN DESERT ENVIRONMENT OF IRAQ, AFGHAN. What factors are important in filth fly attraction and control in desert environments IN DESERT ENVIRONMENT OF IRAQ, AFGHAN. What factors are important in filth fly attraction and control in desert environments WANT TO USE PESTICIDES: WANT TO USE PESTICIDES: Finally, What are the new baits, traps and other fly control techniques that show promise for the future? Finally, What are the new baits, traps and other fly control techniques that show promise for the future?

Conclusions: Still need answers Can we control flies with enough traps, Can we control flies with enough traps, To what degree control? To what degree control? How many traps do we need? How many traps do we need? 1 trap/30 linear ft of breeding/feeding area 1 trap/30 linear ft of breeding/feeding area Is new bait needed each week? Is new bait needed each week? How long will these traps work without new bait? For what fly species? How long will these traps work without new bait? For what fly species?

Conclusions 1. Farnum Terminator 2. Troy Biosciences Final Flight 3. Victor Fly Magnet 4. Combined Distributors, Inc. FliesBeGone 5. Troy Biosciences Fermone Big Boy 6. Advantage Fly trap 7. ISCA Ball Trap (improved McPhail trap) 8. Trece’ Storgard Squeeze & Snap 9. Oak Stump Fly trap

Field Expedient Bottle Trap:

Discussion

Conclusions 1. Farnum Terminator 2. Troy Biosciences Final Flight 3. Victor Fly Magnet 4. Combined Distributors, Inc. FliesBeGone 5. Troy Biosciences Fermone Big Boy 6. Advantage Fly trap 7. ISCA Ball Trap (improved McPhail trap) 8. Trece’ Storgard Squeeze & Snap 9. Oak Stump Fly trap

Conclusions

Successful fly trapping Use 1 baited trap / ft. around perimeter of fly breeding area, or where flies rest in morning/afternoon Use 1 baited trap / ft. around perimeter of fly breeding area, or where flies rest in morning/afternoon House and blow flies strongly attracted to odors. Baits can be made for: House and blow flies strongly attracted to odors. Baits can be made for: House flies House flies Water Water Grain Grain Molasses Molasses Milk Milk Bananas Bananas Blow flies: Odors of decaying eggs and meat e.g., fish Blow flies: Odors of decaying eggs and meat e.g., fish Lawrence Pickens, USDA Beltsville, MD

Filth Fly Symposium Carrion Fly and Disease Vector Activity Associated with a Decomposing Corpse - LTJG D. England Preliminary Field Evaluations of Commercially Available Filth Fly Traps - CDR D. Szumlas Fly Trapping and Control in Arid Environments - Dr. J. Hogsette Techniques for Evaluating Insecticide Resistance in Filth Flies - Dr. P. Kauffman New Attractants in Fly Trapping and Control - Dr. C. Geden New Fly Control Technologies - Dr. P. Koehler

Results

Results

Results

Still need answers For long-term control, how does succession fit into this equation? For long-term control, how does succession fit into this equation? After 1 week, are dead flies/old fluid attractive to house flies, or only to blow flies not necessarily attracted to our food? After 1 week, are dead flies/old fluid attractive to house flies, or only to blow flies not necessarily attracted to our food? Is new bait needed each week? Is new bait needed each week? How long will these traps work without new bait? How long will these traps work without new bait?

Troy Biosciences Fermone Big Boy Advantage (J.F. Oaks) Fly trap

Conclusions: Best so Far 1. Farnum Terminator

Results

Results

Results

Results

Results

Conclusions: Best so Far 1. Farnum Terminator 2. Victor Fly Magnet 3. Combined Distributors, Inc. FliesBeGone

Fly Traps Tested Farnum Terminator Farnum Terminator Victor Fly Magnet Victor Fly Magnet Combined Distributors, Inc. FliesBeGone Combined Distributors, Inc. FliesBeGone Troy Biosciences Troy Biosciences Fermone Big Boy Fermone Big Boy Final Flight Final Flight Advantage Fly trap Advantage Fly trap ISCA Ball Trap (improved McPhail trap) ISCA Ball Trap (improved McPhail trap) Trece’ Storgard Squeeze & Snap Trece’ Storgard Squeeze & Snap Oak Stump Fly trap Oak Stump Fly trap

Problems with traps Not used/attempted often enough to know if control achieved, Not used/attempted often enough to know if control achieved, labor intensive, trap emptied, bait replaced weekly labor intensive, trap emptied, bait replaced weekly messy, messy, disposable traps expire or fill up, disposable traps expire or fill up, must be replaced must be replaced

Fly Trap Types Disposable vs. Reusable (jar vs. bag) Disposable vs. Reusable (jar vs. bag) Trap geometry/design : Fly entry Trap geometry/design : Fly entry Top (holes) Top (holes) bottom (cone), bottom (cone), Side hole and tube, Side hole and tube, both top and bottom (for “chimney effect”) both top and bottom (for “chimney effect”) Ready-to-use (just add water) vs. provide your own bait mixture Ready-to-use (just add water) vs. provide your own bait mixture Commercially available vs. you build it (e.g., Pyramid/Cone trap) Commercially available vs. you build it (e.g., Pyramid/Cone trap) Trap Trap

FliesBeGone

Trap placement

Trap Positioning

Day 3

Day 4

Day 7

Dr. Chris Geden’s Group

Traps attractive to more than just flies

Fly Traps Tested 1. Farnum Terminator 2. Troy Biosciences Final Flight 3. Victor Fly Magnet 4. Combined Distributors, Inc. FliesBeGone

Troy Biosciences Fermone Big Boy and Advantage (from J.F. Oaks) Fly trap Both have “chimney effect” but different attractants

FliesBeGone, (Monster Fly Trap, Red Top, World’s Best Fly Trap) 3 days20 days10 days Claims: Lasts 4-6 weeks; effective radius yards; holds 20, ,000 flies; already effectively working in Iraq

Field Test Sites Gainesville Gainesville 4 Dairy animal research sites 4 Dairy animal research sites Jacksonville Jacksonville 1 Clay County waste transfer Center 1 Clay County waste transfer Center

Results

Results

Results