Family Myliobatidae Eagle Rays.

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Presentation transcript:

Family Myliobatidae Eagle Rays

Taxonomy Rhinoptera Aetomylaeus Manta Mobula Aetobatus Myliobatis Pteromylaeus

Taxonomy Mobulidae Superfamily Myliobatoidea Rhinopteridae Manta Mobulidae Mobula Superfamily Myliobatoidea Rhinopteridae Rhinoptera Aetomylaeus Myliobatidae Myliobatis M. californica M. australie 17 species Aetobatus A. narinari Pteromylaeus

Morphology medium size: 1m-3m disc width fins: wing-like pectoral dorsal insertion behind pelvic caudal lacking long, whip-like tail 1-6 short stinging spines

Morphology pavement-like teeth 1-7 rows papillae on roof of mouth countershaded may have spots/bars

Morphology rounded subrostral lobe different from: Rhinoptera Manta, Mobula

Habitat and Distribution semi-pelagic inshore waters, up to 300m deep associated with reefs, sandy flats, seagrass beds, lagoons, shallow bays, estuaries

Habitat and Distribution warm temperate-tropical nearly worldwide- Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans some genera- limited distribution, while others widespread A. narinari

Reproduction limited information mature ~half adult size aplacental viviparous, histotroph nutrition M. aquila- gestation 6-8 months 2-15 pups/litter, average=4-8 synchronized repro. cycles, but in different seasons may breed every 1-3 years, little information available

Reproduction Behavior: Tricas 1980 close-following= olfaction-mediated reproduction?

Prey/Feeding Habits use subrostral lobe to dig up invertebrates, esp. bivalves

Behavior fly/glide through water column- active may leap out of water social- schooling migration

Predators sharks (hammerhead) marine mammals people

Human Importance low commercial value, but increasing in seafood markets bycatch in other fisheries fishmeal, oil nuiscance to bivalve fisheries may sting fisherman, divers- Steve Irwin

Human Importance popular in public aquariums/touch pools

Conservation Status IUCN: data deficient, least concern M. australie- decreasing CPUE= declining? habitat destruction may be an issue

Literature Cited Bester, C. 2006. Australian Bull Ray. Florida Museum Natural History, Ichthyology Department. University of Florida. < http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/>. Downloaded on 1 December 2007. Bester, C. 2006. Bat Ray. Florida Museum Natural History, Ichthyology Bester, C. 2006. Spotted Eagle Ray. Florida Museum Natural History, Ichthyology Chapman, D.D. and S.H. Gruber. 2002. A further observation of the prey-handling behavior of the great hammerhead shark, Sphyrna mokarran: predation upon the spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari. Bulletin of Marine Science 70(3): 947-952 Gonzalez-Isais, M. and H.M.M. Dominguez. 2004. Comparative anatomy of the superfamily Myliobatoidea (Chondrichthyes) with some comments on phylogeny. Journal of Morphology 262: 517-535 IUCN 2007. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 1