Audio-visual media Video motion

AV Media Audiovisual education or multimedia-based education (MBE) is instruction where particular attention is paid to the audio and visual presentation of the material with the goal of improving comprehension and retention. The success of creating a video is when viewers are able to grasp the information the video author tries to convey.

Television Television is a widely used telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images. It may specifically refer to television set, television programs or television transmission. Television set now is frequently being used for viewing recorded material from video cassettes, laser discs, DVS discs and Blu-ray discs.

Five Types of delivery system for television Broadcast Transmission  It is a transmission of powerful electromagnetic waves through the air. Satellite Transmission  Satellite television is television delivered by the means of communications satellite and received by a satellite dish and set-top box

Microwave Relay Station  Microwave relay stations are tall towers that receive television signals, amplify them, and retransmit them as a microwave signal to the next relay station. Cable Transmission  Cable television uses a mater antenna that receives the signal then redistributed to areas by coaxial cable or, more recently, by fiber-optic cable Closed-Circuit Television  CCTV refers to transmission of television images directly from a camera to a nearby television display by means of a cable

Television for Instruction There are television programs carried on public TV such as documentaries, dramas, news public affairs features, musical performances, science programs, etc. that can be used as an add on to instruction.

Film  Film refers to the celluloid material on which a series of still images are chemically imprinted. Traditionally films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring.

Video  Video refers to several storage formats for moving eye pictures: digital video formats, including DVD, QuickTime, and MPEG-4; and analog videotapes, including VHS and Betamax format that employs a cathode-ray screen to display moving images. Video can be recorded and transmitted in various physical media: in magnetic tape when recorded as PAL or NTSC electric signals by video cameras, or in MPEG-4 or DV digital media when recorded by digital cameras.

Tips in Shooting Videos Use manual focus if your camcorder has it. Set white balance at every location. When shooting outdoors, keep the sun behind you. Plan your shoot. Use a tripod or other image stabilization device. For handheld stability, imagine that your camcorder is a very full cup of hot coffee.

Use the zoom to compose your shot. Avoid zooming while the tape is rolling. Move the camcorder only when necessary Shoot to edit. Keep your average shot length between 5 and 10 seconds. While shooting, be as inconspicuous as possible to best capture the true behavior of your subject. Make sure there’s adequate lighting when recording digital movies

Shoot close-ups because the video will be viewed in a small window on the computer Experiment with different compression options to obtain the best quality at the smallest file size Check copyright restrictions on video segments, specially for material that will be used outside the classroom

Advantages of Motion Media Manipulation of Space –events in microcosm and macrocosm Motion media allows us to witness a phenomenon at an extremely close range. Alteration of Time- slowing down, reversing, or stopping time Motion media permits us to move through space in an altered time. It allows us to move through time at a faster rate like a video of a human development. Compression of Time. In motion media a subject is captured at a rate much slower than it will be played back. This refers to Time-lapse photography that when replayed at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

Limitations of Motion Media Fixed Pace Motion media runs at a fixed pace although it can be stopped during discussion. In a video viewing for a class students may not be able to follow through on segments they are unable to understand. Still Phenomena Misinterpretation Cost Logistics

Utilizing Motion Media for Instruction Motion media in the classroom can be very advantageous if properly used. Here are steps that will help attain instructional objectives through motion media: 1. Conduct preview Watch the motion media you are to utilize for instruction first before using it in the classroom. 2. Prepare environment Prepare the environment where you are to conduct the viewing. Check the equipments to be used, the tapes or discs if they are in proper condition. Check the lighting and ventilation including the seating arrangements.

3. Prepare audience  Prior to showing of motion media, prepare your students by giving them a brief overview of what they will be watching and informing them what is expected of them after watching the movie. 4. Present the material  Present the material. Remind students regarding the rules to follow while viewing. Make sure students are paying attention and you are observing strictly the schedule. 5. Require learner participation  Right after the viewing session, conduct follow-up activities to ensure students learn from the material and to clarify any misinterpretations. Do not leave any lesson topic in hanging in midair. 6. Evaluate  Evaluate if the motion media shown is able to achieve its purpose of helping attain instructional objectives. Otherwise another instructional media may be used or further discussion by the teacher is needed.

References 1.Norton Priscilla and Sprague Debra(2001). Teaching with Technology, Pearson Education Company 2.Shulman, Allan (1997) Project Based Learning in Multimedia accessed at on April 16, 2009http://pblmm.k12.ca.us/TechHelp/Storyboarding.html on April 16 3.Srinivas, Hari (2009) Instructional Design Process accessed at on April 16,