Why is Floral Design Important? Warm-up: List as many reasons as you can describing why you think Floral Design is important. Celebrate an occasion Create art Symbolize emotions Add aesthetics Show thoughtfulness Others??

History of Floral Design By: Mrs. Sheffield History of Floral Design

Objectives Identify the impact of various civilizations on Floral Design. Analyze various periods in floral design history. Understand the importance of floral history

Egyptian Period (2800-28 B.C) Royal families were enthusiastic plant collectors Flowers used: water lilies lotus roses violets narcissus jasmine

Egyptian Period (cont.) Flowers considered sacred Symbolized Gods / Goddesses Blossoms of lotus/water lilies were placed in elaborate vases, bowls, jars that were gold, silver or glass Used baskets of fruits and flowers to decorate a table before a feast.

Egyptian Period (cont.) 2nd per. 9/2 Wore chaplets (garlands/wreaths) on their heads Garlands made of petals, buds, leaves

Egyptian Style (cont.) Clear and simple Used colors of red, yellow, and blue Used lots of repetition (types, color, heights of flowers for pattern)

Greek Period (600-146 B.C.) Greeks did not arrange their flowers in vases or bouquets Flowers scattered on the ground for ceremonies and festivities Flowers primarily used for garlands & wreaths Wreaths presented to athletes for victory/dedication

Greek Period (cont.) 3rd per. 9/2 Flowers were worn in hair for personal decoration and beauty Greeks grew potted plants indoors and in hothouses Greeks were first to have professional florists who did floral work for people

Greek Period (cont.) Cornucopia (Horn of Plenty) Displayed vertically Floral Designs limited by rituals and traditions Each flower in a design symbolized a God or hero

Greek Period (cont.) Graceful and simplistic Color not important Most important was flowers, fragrance, and symbolism

Chinese Period (500 B.C.–100 A.D. Flowers and Plant Materials were used for decorating altars used in religious ceremonies performed by Buddhist Priests Flowers also arranged in massive bronze ceremonial vessels

Chinese Period (cont.) Confucius and his philosophies influenced Chinese designs He utilized the art of contemplation and simplicity

Chinese Period (cont.) Chinese only allowed to use cut flowers sparingly Believed in the preservation of life Only storm-broken branches and stems were utilized for ceremonies

Chinese Period (cont.) 5th per. 9/2 Flowers given women’s names because of their femininity and fragile beauty Winter- (white-blossomed plum) Spring- (Peony) Summer- (Lotus) Fall- (Chrysanthemum) Arrangements were large, symmetrical and simple Bright flower colors contrasted with the container used Lighter flower colors positioned in the outer portions of the design--darker colors near the base

Roman Period (28 B.C.-325 A.D.) Continued Greek customs Used roses at evening banquets and scattered these roses over the floor Scarves filled with blossoms were offered at altars as part of religious ceremonies

Roman Period (cont.) Garlands and wreaths more elaborate than those of Greeks Flowers were arranged in a basket called “liknon” Flowers in these arrangements were highly fragrant and brightly colored

Byzantine Period (320-600 A.D.) After fall of Roman Empire, Roman traditions continued for a while by the Byzantine Culture Greek/Roman styles used Garlands now consisted of narrow bands of fruit and flowers alternated with foliage

Byzantine Period (cont.) Introduced symmetrical, tree-style designs Foliage arranged in containers to resemble symmetrical, conical trees

Byzantine (cont.) Color schemes used were analogous, accented with a complementary color Example: Varying hues of green, blue green, and blue accented with flowers or fruit that was red, red-orange, or orange

Middle Ages (476-1400 A.D.) The Middle Ages occurred after the fall of the western Roman Empire Flowers were not used much except for religious ceremonies and special occasions Middle Ages Link

Middle Ages (cont.) Start of Persian Art 2nd per. 9/3 Start of Persian Art portraits of flowers arranged in vases Several color schemes used having an Oriental influence

Japanese Period (486 A.D.) Japanese style of floral arranging became known as “IKEBANA” Ikebana means “arrangement of living plant materials” Ikebana became widely used in worldly and religious art

Japanese Style Principles of Ikebana: Shin Soe Tai Heaven= Shin 3rd per. 9/3 Shin Soe Tai Principles of Ikebana: Heaven= Shin Man= Soe Earth= Tai

Japanese Style (cont.) Linear forms Straight, curved, or angular lines of flowers and foliage

Renaissance Period (1400-1600 A.D.) Began in Italy and spread through Europe People began to take an interest in gardening Extensive gardens were planted for beauty

Renaissance Period (cont.) Floral Designs were large, tall, pyramidal, and symmetrically balanced Arrangement was typically twice the height of the container Bright flower colors were used Formal bouquets were tied together to give away

Renaissance Period (cont.) Flowers were preserved and dried in their natural colors Flowers were buried in sand to draw out moisture

Baroque Period (1600-1775 A.D.) Arrangements began as symmetrical, oval-shaped designs Later, asymmetrical curves in the shape of an S or a crescent became popular These designs were tall, and consisted of several different flower types and colors

Baroque Period (cont.) 5th per. 9/3 Hogarth curve is still popular

Flemish Period (1550-1750 A.D.) Used a lot of proportion and were more compact than the Baroque styles Tulips were used abundantly in the designs Flemish were the first to combine the mass designs of the Romans and the line designs of the Orient

Flemish Period (cont.) Flemish never physically arranged flowers into designs---instead, they painted pictures of floral designs It is believed that the floral arrangements in the Flemish paintings never really existed Thought that they derived from the imaginations of the artists. WHY?

Flemish Period (cont.) The flowers that were in the paintings did not grow at the same times during the year

English Georgian Period (1714-1760 A.D.) Floral designs have moved away from formality and symmetry Flowers used to construct neck and hair pieces for fashionable women Nosegay bouquets designs were carried

English Georgian Period (cont.) Nosegays were first carried by men in England As two men would meet and shake hands to greet one another, they would extend the nosegay

English Georgian Period (cont.) Small nosegay-style bouquets (tuzzy-muzzy’s) placed in bowls Table centerpieces for formal & informal events In the home, tuzzy-muzzy’s placed to keep away germs and diseases Woman carried tuzzy-muzzy’s that held concealed smelling salts due to tightly cinched bustles Tuzzy-Muzzy

Victorian Period (1820-1914 A.D.) 3rd per. 9/4 Victorian Period (1820-1914 A.D.) Floral designs were very poor during this time period, but were very fashionable They were improperly proportioned, large flowers cramped into a container Designs were usually asymmetrical with no focal point

Modern American Period (1917-Present) 2nd per. 9/4 WWI brought end to the Victorian period of design Corsages became popular as “gift” to soldier that was returning

Division of American Styles Early American Wildflowers, grains, grasses in jugs, pitchers Colonial (1714-1780) Massed, rounded, fan-shaped Neoclassic (1790-1825) French-influenced; fan, pyramidal Greek Revival (1825-1845) Final phase of neoclassical Large, symmetrical, lavish

Division of American Styles (cont.) American Victorian (1845-1900) Copied European style Art Nouveau (1890-1910) Creative, curved lines of nature Containers curved also Art Deco (1920’s – 1930’s) Blending of Egyptian, Aztec, jazz, new industrial

Division of American Styles (cont.) Free Form (1950’s) Modern, natural, linear Geometric Mass (1960’s – 1970’s) Combine line and mass Very tight geometrical shapes Contemporary (1980’s – present)

Questions?