Copernicus Introduction Bucharest, Romania – 7 th & 8 th November 2013

Contents Introduction GMES  Copernicus Six thematic areas Infrastructure Space data An introduction to Remote Sensing In-situ data Applications Summary & Questions

Introduction GMES  Copernicus "By changing the name from GMES to Copernicus we are paying homage to a great European scientist and observer: Nicolaus Copernicus” – Antonio Tajani, European Commission Vice President Copernicus – Understanding our planet European Programme to collect data and provide information Enhance Safety Contribute to Europe’s strategy for growth and employment Monitor climate change Manage natural resources Air quality Optimise agricultural activities Promote renewable energy Disaster management Emergency management

Six thematic areas Operational: Land monitoring Emergency management Pre-operational: Atmosphere monitoring Marine monitoring Development Phase: Climate change monitoring Security services Copernicus Introduction Introduction continued GIO Land

MERIS image showing Hurricane Frances passing near Haiti and the Dominican Republic, acquired 1 September 2004 Resolution approximately 1200 metres Image: Processed by Brockmann Consult for ESA Remote Sensing Introduction Active vs Passive remote sensing Resolution Medium-low resolution Land cover monitoring Agriculture Coastal dynamics Weather

Pléiades Satellite Image – Central Park, New York, May Image: Astrium, CNES 2012 Remote Sensing Introduction Active vs Passive remote sensing Resolution Very High Resolution (VHR) Urban area monitoring Security applications

Remote Sensing Introduction Active vs Passive remote sensing Resolution Orbits Near-polarNear-polar (~90° inclination) Equatorial (0° inclination) Sun-synchronous Geostationary

TanDEM-X Infrastructure – Space Data Contributing Missions 30 existing or planned 5 categories Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sensor transmits a pulse Satellite receives the backscattered echoes Returned signals from Earth’s surface are stored Digital Elevation Models can be constructed

Salar de Uyuni, Image: DLR Salt flats of Salar de Uyuni, South America Image: DLR

Infrastructure – Space Data Optical sensors Passive Remote sensing Sensors detect natural radiation emitted/reflected from the Earth’s surface SPOT5 Image: CNES RapidEye image of Moscow, Russia Image: RapidEye False-colour composite of forest fires in southern France, summer 2003 Image: CNES

Infrastructure – Space Data Altimetry systems Active sensor using Radar Precise measurements of the satellites height above the ocean by measuring the time and interval between transmission and reception of very short electromagnetic pulses Applications Sea-surface height (ocean topography) Lateral extent of sea ice Altitude of icebergs above sea level Ice sheet topography Land topography Sea-surface wind speeds Wave heights Arctic applications Cryosat-2 Image: ESA Measuring the freeboard of ice Image: ESA

Infrastructure – Space Data Radiometry Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) – ENVISAT Optical and Infrared sensor Primary mission Sea Surface Temperature Ocean processes Operational applications e.g. meterology Can also be used for: Land Surface Temperature Clouds and Aerosols Cryosphere AATSR Global sea-surface temperature data map

Infrastructure – Space Data Spectrometry Passive Remote Sensing GOMOS & SCIAMACHY – Envisat GOME – ERS-2 No longer operational Medium resolution Atmospheric chemistry Air quality (Ozone) Clouds Trace Gases changes in atmosphere

Sentinels Sentinel-1 Radar (SAR) imagery; all-weather, day/night for land and ocean Polar-orbiting pair Coverage Europe and Canada’s main shipping route every 1-3 days Data Delivery within an hour of acquisition Continue heritage of Envisat and Radarsat Objectives/products Sea-ice extent Sea-ice mapping Oil-spill monitoring Forest, water and soil management

Sentinels Sentinel-2 High-resolution optical imagery for land services Visible, NIR, SWIR (comprising 13 spectral bands) Coverage 5-day revisit time Large swath High-spatial resolution To continue heritage of Landsat and SPOT Objectives/products Land-cover maps Land-change maps Chlorophyll index Flood/volcanic eruptions/landslide monitoring

Sentinels Sentinel-3 High accuracy, optical, radar and altimetry for marine and land services Radiometer (SLSTR – based on Envisat’s, AATSR) Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI – based on Envisat’s MERIS Dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SRAL – based on CryoSat) <2 day revisit time at equator for OLCI, <1 day for SLSTR To continue heritage of ERS-2 and Envisat Objectives/products Sea-surface topography Sea-/land- surface temperature Ocean-/land- surface colour Environmental and climate monitoring

Sentinels Sentinel-4 Payload on Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) for atmospheric composition monitoring Ultraviolet Visible Near-infrared (UVN) spectrometer InfraRed Sounder (IRD) Will include data from other satellites Sentinel-5 Payload embarked on a MetOp Second Generation Satellite for atmospheric composition monitoring To bridge gaps between Envisat, Sciamachy instrument and Sentinel-5 launch Objectives/products Atmospheric variables Air quality Solar radiation Climate monitoing

Infrastructure – In-situ Data Main use of in-situ data is for calibration and validation of satellite data Reduce bias of satellite-derived data Reduce the need for high radiometric calibration Maximise/enhance the effectiveness of satellite data Constrain models (data assimilation) European Environment Agency (EEA) led work for Copernicus under the FP7 GMES In-Situ Coordination “GISC” project (finished October 2013)

GMES In-situ Coordination – GSIC Goals: To document the in-situ data required by the services To identify gaps To design an innovative and sustainable framework for open access to in-situ data Monitoring networks currently provide robust integrated information and calibrate and validate the data from satellites Maps Ground-based weather stations Ocean buoys Air quality monitoring networks

Applications

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