The Canadian Home Front

 The Role of Women Overseas ◦ In 1941, for the first time in Canadian history official women’s ____________were created  _______  The Canadian Women’s Army Corps – _______  _________  The _______– Women’s Division  ________  Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service – called “________”

 The Role of Women Over Seas ◦ By the end of the war, over ____________ Canadian women served overseas  As cooks, nurses, pilots, mechanics, welders and radar operators ◦ Canadian women were even assigned to coastal _________, and some even flew _________across the __________during Ferry Command  During Ferry Command, nearly 10,000 planes were flown from North America to Britain ◦ These trans-Atlantic flights were very dangerous  Over ______flyers died while making this trip

 The Role of Women Over Seas ◦ The most ___________job for women was to serve as part of the Special Operations Executive (______)  Women who did this worked as _________________, who were parachuted into occupied France to find out everything they could to help the Allies plan an invasion on ______________ ◦ Women worked as saboteurs, couriers, and radio operators for the SOE ◦ Also, during the Battle of Britain, women worked at secret ________ stations to alert the Allies of incoming planes

 The Role of Women on the Home Front ◦ There was a big increase in the number of women in the Canadian ______________during WW2 ◦ _________began to operate __ days a week, __ hours a day ◦ By 1944, the number of women in the work force had reached over ____________ ◦ Women held the same jobs as men but were paid _____ ◦ During the war the Canadian government provided __________and _____breaks for women, but once the war ended, so did this _____________ ◦ Most people expected women would give up their jobs to returning soldiers when the war was over.

◦ When the second World War started, the economic _______________of the 1930’s was over ◦ The whole economy was focused on maintaining the flow of ____________and ____________to Britain ◦ Many _____________were involved in war production ◦ Canadian factories made bombs, bullets, ships, aircrafts, and armoured cars ◦ Automobile factories stopped making cars and began to only make ___________for the _______front ◦ The focus of Canadian industries on wartime production was called the “____________________”

◦ Canadian government played a much larger role in WW2 ◦ ________________________(owned by the government) dedicated to all aspects of wartime production ◦ Federal government introduced ____________(limited gas, coffee, butter, milk, and meat as examples) ◦ The __________________was created and managed by C.D. Howe  He was given _______power ◦ The goal was to organize Canadian industry toward a _________purpose of supplying the ________

 Government paid for war effort through: ◦ ________ ◦ War ________sales ◦ _____payments from Britain  Gov’t introduced rationing and restrictions on: ◦ ______ ◦ ________ ◦ _____

◦ When the American government introduced the ____________________in 1941, Canada became very worried that Allied countries would no longer buy from them  The Lend Lease Act allowed Allied countries to ____ materials from the US without having to _____________ ◦ Prime Minister King and President Roosevelt created the __________________________, which stated that:  The US would buy more ______materials from Canada, and the US would also _________Canada with American _____for weapon production

 _____________is information that is spread for the purpose of _______________something

 The information spread by propaganda during WWII was not always ___________  The National Film Board of Canada developed hundreds of _______________and short films to encourage Canadians to _____________in WWII  Posters were also made to create the idea that the ___________were very ______, and to discourage Canadians from carelessly _______ about war information

 The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ◦ In 1939, Canada created the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, which created _________in Canada to _____ pilots and other crew members from _______________ countries ◦ By 1942 there was a very large demand for _____, as the Allies began the systematic bombing of German cities  Allied planes flew across enemy lines to bomb _____, _____, and _______________ ◦ By the end of the war, more than _________air personnel were trained at over ________ sites across Canada

 ____________ ◦ Was a special _____training facility located outside ___________, Ontario ◦ Camp X opened a few days after the Japanese bombing of ________Harbour ◦ Canadian, British, and American spies were trained at this secret school  Camp X trained ______spies to work around the world ◦ Several Canadian spies served “___________________” providing valuable information about the enemies ◦ Most Canadian government and military leaders did not even know that Camp X ___________ ◦ Was also where ______(complex radio) intercepted enemy _______and transmitted information between North America and Britain

 1939 – PM King made an election _________to never introduce ________________(mandatory military service) for overseas duty  By 1940 – King implemented the _____________________________________(NRMA) ◦ Gave the government the power to control ______ and ___________resources in emergencies ◦ Everyone over ____ years had to sign up to defend the country for “ _______________ ” - NOT OVERSEAS ◦ Only those that were mentally _____or with strong ___________beliefs were excluded

 By _______– need for more ___________overseas  PM King held a ___________(vote) asking Canadians to release him from his promise not to introduce conscription ◦ Majority of _______Canadians supported conscription (___% yes) ◦ Majority of _______Canadians did not - (____% NO) PM King Voting in 1942 Conscription Plebiscite As the war was ending, conscription sent 13,000 Canadians overseas Only ______ reached the front lines The Conscription Crisis of 1942 created __________between French & English Canada It did _____create the same extreme conflict of the WWI (1917) crisis

 As in WWI, The ______________ Act was used again  The government required groups of Canadians to register as __________________. ◦ They were afraid that they might be _________or might commit acts of _____________ ◦ This was anyone who was from an ethnic group whose _______________were at war with Canada  _______________camps were set up in Canada  The government ____________any pro-______ political parties, as well as the _____________ party of Canada  In total - over _____________Canadians were forced to register

 Religious groups who practiced ___________were met with hostility  Members of these groups avoided military service by pleading that they were “ _______________ objectors ”  They were offered ______ ________work instead of military service Conscientious objectors building the Jasper Road in Alberta, 1941

 Discrimination was shown against __________ Canadians until _________  As the war went on – Black and White Canadians served ______________in the armed forces  Blacks began to demand equality in other areas  _______________peoples served in armed forces  After war - believed that if they were willing to fight and die for their country, that should share the __________________as all citizens  Also __________(negative attitude towards a group of people) against __________from Europe (people fleeing persecution)  Canada made it very difficult for ________refugees to enter the country

 The ______legacy of the Nazis was its effort to eliminate Europe’s __________people  Eventually, many Jewish people were captured and taken to _________________________(often called death camps) where ____________Jewish people were _______  Many Jewish people tried to ______Europe to escape this

 Anti-_________: hatred of Jews – existed in Canada  Some people refused to hire _______judges, lawyers, professors, and teachers  Many clubs and resorts openly displayed ________on their doors declaring “ No Jews Allowed ”

 Restrictive Immigration Policies: ◦ Preference given to ________and _________immigrants, while others were actively discouraged  1938 – Canadian __________________Society met with PM King to appeal to the government to accept ___________ refugees from Europe based on humanitarian grounds ◦ A Government official said:  “We don ’ t want to take too many Jews, but in the present circumstances particularly, we don ’ t want to say so. ” ◦ When asked how many Jews the Canadian government intended to allow to enter Canada, another government official responded by saying:  “ None is too many. ”

 History ◦ In _______, there was a race riot in ___________where approximately 5,000 racist Canadians smashed the windows of _____________home and stores ◦ These racist Canadians terrorized Japanese Canadians so they would _________Canada ◦ White Canadians were frustrated because Japanese people were competing with them for ____and were willing to work for lower ___________ ◦ In ______, Prime Minister Mackenzie ____________the number of Japanese immigrants entering Canada. ◦ This was to ________the Japanese population ______ and to lessen the risk of future riots

Only _____Japanese people were allowed to enter Canada each ______ Before WW2, Japanese and Chinese Canadians were denied the right to ______, and were not permitted to join the ________forces

 After Pearl Harbour ◦ People were scared that Japanese Canadians might give ________information to Japan, or even help them invade Canada ◦ In _______, ______________of Japanese Canadians began ◦ Japanese Canadians were stripped of rights ◦ All Japanese were fingerprinted, photographed, and given an ___________________number.  They had to carry identification cards at all times ◦ Japanese Canadians were forced to choose between _____________, or _____________away from the west coast  Most chose to relocate ◦ In total, ___________ Japanese Canadians were sent to internment camps (_________ of whom were _______in Canada)

 After Pearl Harbour ◦ In 1943, the Canadian government passed a law called the ______________________, which allowed the possessions of Japanese Canadians to be ______ without their permission  Items were sold quickly and very __________  Money went to realtors and _______________ ◦ Japanese were then forced to _______for their ____in the internment camps ◦ In 1944, a law was passed stating that the Japanese could be _____________to Japan if they did not leave British Columbia, even if they were born in Canada ◦ By 1946, after the war was over, Japanese Canadians were _____________from the internment camps

 Compensation ◦ In ______, ____years after the first internment camp, Japanese Canadians were _________________(given money) for all they had been through during the war ◦ Prime Minister Brian _______________signed a compensation package giving $__________ for each internee’s survivor. ◦ In total $_____________dollars were paid out