Pb 2+ NO 3 1– Na 1+ I 1– Ions in Aqueous Solution Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (s) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) add water NaI(s) + H 2 O(l) dissociation:

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Pb 2+ NO 3 1– Na 1+ I 1– Ions in Aqueous Solution Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (s) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) add water NaI(s) + H 2 O(l) dissociation: + H 2 O(l) Na 1+ (aq) + I 1– (aq) Mix them and get… Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation… Print Copy of Lab Print Copy of Lab NaI(aq) NO 3 1– Pb 2+ NO 3 1– in solution Na 1+ I 1–

Pb 2+ NO 3 1– Na 1+ I 1– Pb 2+ I 1– Ions in Aqueous Solution Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (s) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) add water NaI(s) NaI(aq) + H 2 O(l) dissociation: + H 2 O(l) Na 1+ (aq) + I 1– (aq) Na 1+ Mix them and get… Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation… Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 I 1– (aq) PbI 2 (s) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2 NaI(aq) PbI 2 (s) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + Na 1+ (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 I 1– (aq) PbI 2 (s) Solubility Chart NO 3 1–

Mix them and get… Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 I 1– (aq) PbI 2 (s) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 I 1– (aq) PbI 2 (s) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2 NaI(aq) PbI 2 (s) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) Balance to get overall ionic equation… Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation… Solubility Chart solid in solution Pb 2+ NO 3 1– Na 1+ I 1– NO 3 1– Na 1+ I 1– Pb 2+ NO 3 1– Na 1+ I 1– NO 3 1– Na 1+ I 1–

Ba 2+ OH 1– NO 3 1– Mix together Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) and Ba(OH) 2 (aq): Zn 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq)Ba 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1– (aq) Ba(OH) 2 (aq)Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) Balance to get overall ionic equation… Zn 2+ Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + Ba(OH) 2 (aq) Zn(OH) 2 (s) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + Ba 2+ (aq) Zn 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + Ba 2+ (aq) + 2OH 1– (aq) Zn(OH) 2 (s) + 2 NO 3 1– (aq) + Ba 2+ (aq) Mix them and get… Zn 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1– (aq) Zn(OH) 2 (s) Cancel spectator ions to get net ionic equation… Solubility Chart

Pre-lab: 1. What ions are present in the following solutions? NaCl(aq)  ____________________ AgNO 3 (aq)  ____________________ 2.When these solutions are mixed together, a precipitate is seen. What are the new combinations of ions that could have formed the precipitate? ____________________ and ____________________ 3.Using the solubility table, which new combination will form a precipitate? ____________________  4.Which new combination will remain in solution? ____________________ 5. Write the overall reaction equation for this reaction. Be sure to indicate the correct phase (reaction condition) for each reactant and each product. 6. Write the net ionic equation for this reaction. Again, include the phases (reaction conditions). 7. Explain why you would expect no reaction between solutions of KOH(aq) and NaOH(aq). Na 1+ (aq) Cl 1- (aq)Ag 1+ (aq) NO 3 1- (aq) Na 1+ (aq) Cl 1- (aq) Ag 1+ (aq) NO 3 1- (aq) Cl 1- (aq) Ag 1+ (aq) Na 1+ (aq)NO 3 1- (aq) AgCl(s) Na 1+ (aq) + Cl 1- (aq)+ Ag 1+ (aq) + NO 3 1- (aq) + Na 1+ (aq)+ NO 3 1- (aq) AgCl(s) + Cl 1- (aq)Ag 1+ (aq) AgCl(s) When the cations switch places they end with a hydroxide (no new combination is formed)

Reactions Between Ions in Aqueous Solutions 2. Co 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) Co 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) 3. Co 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) Co 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) 9. Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Pb(OH) 2 (s) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Pb(OH) 2 (s) 10. Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Pb(OH) 2 (s) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Pb(OH) 2 (s) Pb 2+ (aq) + 6 NO 3 1- (aq) + 2 Fe 3+ (aq) + 6 Cl 1- (aq) 3 PbCl 2 (s) + 2 Fe 3+ (aq) + 6 NO 3 1- (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl 1- (aq) PbCl 2 (s) Key 11. Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) + Co 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl 1- (aq) PbCl 2 (s) + Co 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) Pb 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl 1- (aq) PbCl 2 (s) Print Copy of Lab Print Copy of Lab spectator ions

25. Co 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl 1- (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 Cl 1- (aq) Co 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) Reactions Between Ions in Aqueous Solutions 20. Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 Cl 1- (aq) + 3 K 1+ (aq) + 3 OH 1- (aq) Fe(OH) 3 (s) + 3 K 1+ (aq) + 3 Cl 1- (aq) Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH 1- (aq) Fe(OH) 3 (s) 21. Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 Cl 1- (aq) + 3 Na 1+ (aq) + 3 OH 1- (aq) Fe(OH) 3 (s) + 3 Na 1+ (aq) + 3 Cl 1- (aq) Fe 3+ (aq) + 3 OH 1- (aq) Fe(OH) 3 (s) 24. Co 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl 1- (aq) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 Cl 1- (aq) Co 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Co(OH) 2 (s) Key 16. Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Cu(OH) 2 (s) + 2 Na 1+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Cu(OH) 2 (s) 15. Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Cu(OH) 2 (s) + 2 K 1+ (aq) + 2 NO 3 1- (aq) Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 OH 1- (aq) Cu(OH) 2 (s)

TABLE OF SOLUBILITIES IN WATER aluminum sssnsnissisd ammonium sssssssssss barium ssisisssiid calcium ssissssssi d copper (II) ssisiinsisi iron (II) ssisnissisi iron (III) ssnsiinsissd lead sssi ii siii magnesium ssississisd mercury (I) ssiii nisi i mercury (II) sssis iisidi potassium sssssssssss silver ssiii nisi i sodium sssssssssss zinc ssississisi acetate bromide carbonate chloride chromate hydroxide iodide nitrate phosphate sulfate sulfide i = insoluble ss = slightly soluble s = soluble d = decomposes n = not isolated SOLID AQUEOUS Legend

TABLE OF SOLUBILITIES IN WATER aluminum saqnsns s d ammonium aq barium aq s s ssd calcium aq s ssaq ssd copper (II) aq s ssn s s iron (II) aq s nss s s iron (III) aq n ssn ssd lead aqsssssssaqsss magnesium aq s s s d mercury (I) sssssnsaqsssi mercury (II) aqss sss sdsi potassium aq silver sssssnsssss sodium aq zinc aq s s s s acetate bromide carbonate chloride chromate hydroxide iodide nitrate phosphate sulfate sulfide Legend s = solid aq = aqueous d = decomposes n = not isolated

TABLE OF SOLUBILITIES IN WATER aluminum saqnsns s d ammonium aq barium aq s s ssd calcium aq s ssaq ssd copper (II) aq s ssn s s iron (II) aq s nss s s iron (III) aq n ssn ssd lead aqsssssssaqsss magnesium aq s s s d mercury (I) sssssnsaqsssi mercury (II) aqss sss sdsi potassium aq silver sssssnsssss sodium aq zinc aq s s s s acetate bromide carbonate chloride chromate hydroxide iodide nitrate phosphate sulfate sulfide Legend s = solid aq = aqueous d = decomposes n = not isolated