COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,Sahiwal.

The brain is essentially a mass of cells, or neurons, which are capable of transmitting chemical signals to one another and propagating electrical signals internally. This information can be transmitted because neurons are each equipped with several special features that make them different from other cells.

BCI is a technology that creates a direct connection from our brains to our computers. It is beginning to reach the market via toys and game controllers. In the process, these thought-controlled sensors are inspiring innovations that, for instance, allow you to call someone on your phone by simply thinking about them.

An electroencephalogram is a measure of the brain's voltage fluctuations as detected from scalp electrodes. It is an approximation of the cumulative electrical activity of neurons.

Neurofeedback – treating ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ) – guiding meditation Brain Computer Interfaces – People with little muscle control (i.e. not enough control for EMG) – People with ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), spinal injuries – High Precision – Low bandwidth (bit rate)

Richard Caton discovered electrical properties of exposed cerebral hemispheres of rabbits and monkeys German Psychiatrist Hans Berger discovered alpha waves in humans and invented the term “electroencephalogram” 1950s - Walter Grey Walter developed “EEG topography” - mapping electrical activity of the brain.

Simple view

Standard “10-20 System” Spaced apart 10-20% Letter for region – F - Frontal Lobe – T - Temporal Lobe – C - Center – O - Occipital Lobe Number for exact position – Odd numbers - left – Even numbers - right

A more detailed view:

TypeFrequencyLocationUse Delta<4 Hzeverywhereoccur during sleep, coma Theta4-7 Hztemporal and parietalcorrelated with emotional stress (frustration & disappointment) Alpha8-12 Hzoccipital and parietalreduce amplitude with sensory stimulation or mental imagery Beta12-36 Hzparietal and frontalcan increase amplitude during intense mental activity Mu9-11 Hzfrontal (motor cortex)diminishes with movement or intention of movement Lambdasharp, jaggedoccipitalcorrelated with visual attention Vertexhigher incidence in patients with epilepsy or encephalopathy

There are different type of electrodes used in EEG like :

Games & Virtual Worlds : Experience the fantasy of controlling and influencing the virtual environment with your mind. Play games developed specifically for the EPOC, or use the EmoKey to connect to current PC games and experience them in a completely new way.

Pricing EPOC EEG is available for $299 from EEG pricing of different macines: 1.Cadwell Easy II EEG PSG System $6, Cadwell Easy III EEG PSG System $10, Grass Technologies Comet PLUS Portable EEG $8, For more pricing

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