SLIPS, TRIPS, & FALLS THE CENTER FOR LIFE ENRICHMENT RESOURCE: NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Training: Older Adult Falls

Older Adult Falls The risk of falling, and fall-related problems, rises with age and is a serious issue in homes and communities Each year, one in every three adults age 65 and older falls Falls can lead to moderate to severe injuries, such as hip fractures and head traumas, and are the leading cause of injury death among those age 65 and older As a caregiver for older adults, it is necessary to understand the leading risks for falls and take measures to help keep older adults safe

Environment Most falls are entirely preventable Simple changes in lighting, housekeeping and furniture arrangements can make older adults less susceptible to falling All rooms should be well-lit Clutter and tripping hazards can cause a person of any age to fall. Make sure all pathways are clear and clean Arrange furniture to ensure that there is always a clear pathway to enter and exit a room Many falls occur on stairs and steps. All stairwells should be well-lit, clear of all objects, and have handrails on both sides, if possible

Common Locations for Falls Doorways Ramps Cluttered hallways Areas with heavy traffic Uneven surfaces Areas prone to wetness or spills Unstable work surfaces Ladders Stairs

Basic Fall Prevention Tips Clean up all spills immediately Stay off freshly mopped floors Secure electrical and phone cords out of traffic areas Remove small throw rugs or use non-skid mats to keep them from slipping Keep frequently used items in easily reachable areas Wear shoes with good support and slip-resistant soles Arrange furniture to provide open walking pathways Keep drawers and cabinet doors closed at all times

Basic Fall Prevention Tips Continued… Install handrails on all staircases on both sides Remove tripping hazards (boxes, supplies, etc.) from stairs and walkways Ensure adequate lighting both indoors and outdoors Remove debris from exterior walkways Adjust gutter downspouts to drive water away from pathways Periodically check the condition of walkways and steps, and repair damages immediately Never stand on a chair, table, or other surface on wheels

Health as a Factor Older adults with hip or bone weakness, arthritis, osteoporosis and blood pressure fluctuations are more prone for falls Those suffering from neurological conditions, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease are at an increased risk for falling as well Let doctors know about past falls. A fall can be a sign of a new medical problem that needs attention

Medication Many medications have side effects that can affect an older adult’s coordination and balance or cause dizziness, confusion, or sleepiness It is important to have an up-to-date list of all medications the person in your care is taking & provide that list to the individual’s doctor during visits

Habits Oftentimes, older adults fear that exercise may lead to a fall, but regular physical activity is the first line of defense against falls and fractures Physical activity strengthens muscles and increases flexibility and balance Mild weight-bearing exercise, like walking or climbing stairs, helps slow bone loss from osteoporosis and increases muscle strength

Fear Many people who fall, even if they are not injured, develop a fear of falling This fear may cause people to limit their activities, leading to reduced mobility and loss of physical fitness, which in turn increases their actual risk of falling Encourage older adults to stay active and exercise regularly

Preventing Falls in Older Adults Reduce your risk of hip fracture by maintaining a diet with adequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium Get a vision exam at least once a year or if you think your vision has changed Get an annual physical exam, and have your blood pressure checked regularly Mild weight-bearing exercises, such as walking, climbing stairs and water workouts, may help slow bone loss from osteoporosis. Having strong bones, especially in your lower body, can prevent fractures if you fall Practicing martial arts, such as Tai Chi, will help prevent falls by improving your balance and control. It uses slow, flowing movements to help you relax and coordinate the mind and body Encourage exercise and physical activity that increases flexibility, strength, balance, and coordination

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