Data Link Protocols Asynchronous Protocols Synchronous Protocols

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Presentation transcript:

Data Link Protocols Asynchronous Protocols Synchronous Protocols Character-Oriented Protocols Bit-Oriented Protocols

Data Link Protocol Categories A protocol in data communications is the set of rules or specifications used to implement one or more layers of the OSI model. Data link protocol is a set of specifications used to implement the data link layer

Data Link Protocol Categories Asynchronous protocols treat each character in a bit stream independently use start and stop bits to frame the data units inexpensive used primarily in modems Synchronous protocols take the whole bit stream and chop it into characters of equal size faster than asynchronous transmission

Asynchronous Protocols

XMODEM Frame - half-duplex stop-and-wait ARQ protocol Signal from receiver side - ACK - NAK - CAN (cancel) SOH –Start of Header (1 byte) CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check

BLAST (Blocked asynchronous transmission) YMODEM similar to XMODEM Major differences Data unit = 1024 bytes CANs = 2 Multiple files can be sent simultaneously ZMODEM Combining features of both XMODEM and YMODEM BLAST (Blocked asynchronous transmission) More powerful than XMODEM. Full-duplex KERMIT Most widely used asynchronous protocol

Synchronous Protocols Character-oriented protocols (or byte-oriented protocols) - the frame or packet is interpreted as a series of characters Bit-oriented protocols - the frame or packet is interpreted as a series of bits

Character-Oriented Protocols

Binary Synchronous Communication (BSC) - the best-known character-oriented protocol Supports half-duplex transmission Uses stop-and-wait ARQ flow control and error correction

Data Frame Simple Data Frame BSC Frame with Header SOH – 0000001 SYN – 0010110 STX – 0000010 ETX – 0000011 BSC Frame with Header SOH – 0000001 ITB – 0011111 Multiblock Frame

Multiframe Transmission ETB – 0010111 ETB – End of Transmission Block ETX – End of Transmission

BSC Control Frames

BSC Control Frames cont…

Bit-Oriented Protocols IBM ISO ITU-T IEEE SDLC – Synchronous Data Link Control HDLC – High-Level Data Link Control LAPs – Link Access Protocols LAN – Local Area Nelwork

HDLC Supports half/full duplex communications over point to point or multipoint links Characterized by: station types, configuration, response modes Station Types: Primary – issues commands Secondary – issues responses Combined – issues both command & response

HDLC Configuration HDLC does not support balanced multipoint

HDLC Modes Who controls the link Figure 11-15 HDLC Modes Who controls the link NRM – Normal Response Mode ( unbalanced configuration) ARM – Asynchronous Response Mode ABM – Asynchronous Balanced Mode * Mode for symmetrical & balanced can be set using U-frames

HDLC Frame Types Information frame Supervisory frame Unnumbered frame

HDLC Flag F& FCS field

HDLC Address Field

HDLC Control Field Code (S-frame) – carry coded flow and error control information Code (U-frame) – identify the type of U-frame and its function

Use of P/F Field

U-Frame Control Field

U-Frame Control Field Set NRM Set NRM (extended) Set ARM Set ARM (extended) Unnumbered info Disconnect Request disconnect Set initialization mode Unnumbered poll Frame reject Exchange ID Reset Request information mode