Chemical Bonding Objectives: Understand why compounds exist in nature. Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures. Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties. Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

Lewis Dot Structures Lewis Dot Structures: Illustrates valence electrons for an atom. Place electrons (dots) around the elements symbol using cardinal direction. Do NOT pair electrons up until you have to. Element # of valence electrons Lewis Dot Structure Na 1 Mg 2 Si 4 S 6 He

Lewis Dot Structures http://www.roymech.co.uk/Related/Chemistry/Lewis_dot_structure.html

Explain how this picture illustrates ionic bonding?

Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer) Metal (Lewis Dot) Non-metal Ionic Bonding (Lewis Dot Transfer) Chemical Formula

Transfer of valence electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom. Creates a metal ion (cation) and non-metal ion (anion) that are held together by electrostatic attractive forces (chemical bond) Chemical bonds are intramolecular forces. Formation of Ionic Compounds Ionic Bonding

Intramolecular Forces The ionic bond The attractive force between the metal and non-metal ions in the compound. Na+---------Cl-

Chemical Bonding: 1.30.14 Due: Ionic Bonding Lab Objectives: Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

Ionic Compounds The overall charge on any ionic compound is always zero. The ratio of metal to non-metal ions has to equal zero

Naming Ionic Compounds

Chemical Bonding: 1.31.14 Due: Ionic Bonding Lab Objectives: Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

Ionic Compound Nomenclature How do scientist name ionic compounds? Binary Ionic Compounds: Simplest compounds, composed of two ions (cation and the anion) Name the cation and the anion. *Use flow-chart to help you name each ion in the compound.

Intramolecular Forces The ionic bond The attractive force between the metal and non-metal ions in the compound. Na+-------Cl-

Ions Oxidation number: The charge on an atom. Some elements have a fixed oxidation number. Primarily representative elements (tall groups on periodic table) Some elements have multiple oxidation numbers. Primarily transitional elements (short, middle groups on the periodic table).

Oxidation Numbers and Periodic Table

Naming Ionic Compounds

Chemical Bonding: 2.4.14 Infinite Campus Update: Periodic Table Exams (40pts.) Scientific Skills Study Guide (12pts.) Ionic Bonding Lab (18pts.) Objectives: Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

Naming Ionic Compounds *Use flow chart to name ionic compounds* KF : Ba3N2 : CuBr2 : FeN :

Naming Ionic Compounds *Use flow chart to name ionic compounds* KF : potassium fluoride Ba3P2 : barium phosphide CuBr2 : copper (II) bromide FeN : iron (III) nitride

Chemical Bonding: 2.5.14 Infinite Campus Update: Scientific Skills Study Guide (12pts.) Ionic Bonding Lab (18pts.) Objectives: Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

Bell Ringer a.Zn and O b. Ca and Sn c.Ca and Ar d. I and N 2. a. Mn3P4 b. Al2O3 a. Strontium Fluoride b. Lead (IV) Phosphide

Naming Ionic Compounds

Naming Cations: Metals Fixed Oxidation Number ( fixed charge) Simply the name of the metal Ex. Al3+ : aluminum ion Multiple Oxidation Numbers (multiple charges) Name of metal and roman numeral to identify what charge is being used. Fe2+: iron (II) ion Fe3+: iron (III) ion

Naming Anions: Non-metals Non-metals only have a single oxidation # (charge) when becoming an anion. It is the root word of the non-metal with an –ide ending. Ex. Br 1- = Bromide Ex. P3- = phosphide

Chemical Formula

Chemical Formula of Ionic Compounds Write the symbol and charge for the cation and the anion. If charges balance, then the ions are one to one in the formula. If charges do not balance, then use the criss-cross method to establish the correct ratio of ions (subscripts) so they do balance out in the formula.

Types of Ions Monatomic Ions : 1 element makes-up the ion. Polyatomic Ions: 2 or more elements make-up an ion.

Mono or Poly Ions? Na 1+ : b. (S04)2- : c. Cl 1-: (PO3)3-: 28

Ionic Compounds a. Li (OH): b. Fe2(CO3)3 : Sodium Sulfate: d. Chromium (II) Phosphate :

Determine the Chemical Formula Aluminum Phosphide: Al2P3 2. Magnesium Chloride: MgCl2 3. Iron (III) Sulfide: Fe2S3 4. Chromium (II) Oxide: CrO 5. Nickel (II) Bromide: NiBr2

Chemical Bonding: 2.7.14 Objectives: Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. Ionic Bonding Gallery Walk Homework: Practice Naming/Formula of Ionic Compounds Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties

Compare Monatomic vs. Polyatomic Ion Monatomic Ions Polyatomic Ions Similarities

Ionic Compound: Name/Formula

Chemical Bonding: 2.7.14 Objectives: Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. Ionic Bonding Gallery Walk Homework: Practice Naming/Formula of Ionic Compounds Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties

Chemical Compounds Venn Diagram Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Similarities

Ionic Compound: Name/Formula Gallery Walk

Chemical Bonding: 2.10.14 Due: Ionic Compound Gallery Walk Objectives: Ionic Compound Quiz I can distinguish between the properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Homework: Ionic and Covalent Properties Lab

Ionic Compounds Quiz

Ionic Compounds Quiz Ionic Compounds Correction: Explain your thoughts behind what you missed. How it needs to be corrected. *Can use notes, text, online resources to complete. Due Tuesday

Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds Properties Lab Annotate article and create Venn diagram distinguishing between ionic and covalent properties. Complete pre-Lab questions. *Ticket into lab tomorrow. You will NOT participate if incomplete. Read through lab procedures.

Chemical Compounds Venn Diagram Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Similarities

Chemical Bonding: Homework: Complete pre-Lab questions and read through lab. *Ticket into lab, NO exceptions! Ionic Compound Quiz Corrections. Explain your thoughts behind what you missed and how it needs to be corrected.

Chemical Bonding: Exit Slip 1.Classify each compound below as ionic or covalent. KCl CO c. H2O d. MgCl2

Chemical Bonding: 2.11.14 Due: Ionic Compounds Correction Quiz Chemical Bonding Properties: Pre-Lab Objectives: I can investigate the properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties Lab Homework: Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties Lab Review Ionic Compound nomenclature

Chemical Bonding: 2.12.14 Due: Ionic Compounds Correction Quiz Chemical Bonding Properties: Pre-Lab Objectives: I can investigate the properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties Lab Homework: Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties Lab Review Ionic Compound nomenclature

Chemical Compounds Venn Diagram Ionic Compounds Covalent Compounds Similarities

Chemical Bonding: 2.13.14 Due: Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds Properties Lab Objectives: I can investigate the properties of ionic and covalent compounds. Ionic vs. Covalent Compound Properties Lab Homework: Review Ionic Compound nomenclature-quiz tomorrow!

Ionic Bonding Nomenclature Derive the formula of these ionic compounds. a. copper(I) sulfite Derive the chemical name of the following ionic compounds. a. Cr(NO3)3

Ionic vs. Covalent Cmpds. Properties 2nd Properties Grp 1 Grp 2 Grp 3 Grp 4 Grp 5 Grp 6 Grp 7 Grp 8 Solubility Crystal Growth Electrical Conduction Melting point time

Ionic vs. Covalent Cmpds. Properties 3rd Properties Grp 1 Grp 2 Grp 3 Grp 4 Grp 5 Grp 6 Grp 7 Grp 8 Solubility Crystal Growth Electrical Conduction Melting point time

Ionic vs. Covalent Cmpds. Properties 5th Properties Grp 1 Grp 2 Grp 3 Grp 4 Grp 5 Grp 6 Grp 7 Grp 8 Solubility Crystal Growth Electrical Conduction Melting point time

Chemical Bonding: 2.14.14 Due: Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds Properties Lab Objectives: I can distinguish between ionic and covalent compounds. Homework: Covalent Compound Wksht.

Ionic vs. Covalent Cmpds. Properties 2nd Properties Grp 1 Grp 2 Grp 3 Grp 4 Grp 5 Grp 6 Grp 7 Grp 8 Solubility Crystal Growth Electrical Conduction Melting point time

Ionic vs. Covalent Cmpds. Properties 3rd Properties Grp 1 Grp 2 Grp 3 Grp 4 Grp 5 Grp 6 Grp 7 Grp 8 Solubility Crystal Growth Electrical Conduction Melting point time

Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonding: Many times between a metal and a non-metal ion. Transfer of valence electrons. Electronegativity difference between bonded ions is large. Ionic Bond = Intramolecular Forces Covalent Bonding: Between two non-metals atoms. Share valence electron(s) Electronegativity difference between bonded atoms is small. Covalent Bond = Intramolecular Forces Covalent compounds are also called molecules.

Electronegativity Values

Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds = molecules When naming covalent compounds prefixes are primarily used. *Use flow chart* Prefixes: Mon(o)=1 atom Hexa = 6 atoms Di= 2 atoms Hepta= 7 atoms Tri= 3 atoms Octa= 8 atoms Tetra= 4 atoms Nona= 9 atoms Penta= 5 atoms Deca= 10 atoms

Chemical Bonding: 2.17.14 Infinite Campus Update Objectives: Ionic Compound Nomenclature Quiz (9pts.) Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Lab (20pts.) Objectives: I can distinguish between the properties of ionic and covalent compounds. I can identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

Chemical Bonding 1. Classify each compound below as ionic or covalent. CO2 b. AlCl3 c. Mg3P2 d. H2 e. H2O a. Which compounds above were formed from the transfer of ve-? b. Which compounds above were formed from the sharing of ve-?

Chemical Bonding 1. Classify each compound below as ionic or covalent. CO2 b. AlCl3 c. Mg3P2 d. H2 e. H2O C I I C C a. Which compounds above were formed from the transfer of ve-? All ionic compounds b. Which compounds above were formed from the sharing of ve-? All covalent compounds 3. For those compounds that share ve-, identify which compounds have polar bonds and which have non-polar bonds. Covalent compounds that do NOT share bonded electrons equally. (CO2 and H20)

Properties of Chemical Compounds Which kind of compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?

Properties of Ionic Compounds 7.2 Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds can conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved in water. When sodium chloride melts, the sodium and chloride ions are free to move throughout the molten salt. If a voltage is applied, positive sodium ions move to the negative electrode (the cathode), and negative chloride ions move to the positive electrode (the anode). Predicting What would happen if the voltage was applied across a solution of NaCl dissolved in water?

Tap Water Ground water produced the passageways at Mammoth Cave. In so doing , it picks up many regional minerals.

Properties of Chemical Compounds 7.2 Properties of Chemical Compounds The orderly arrangement of atoms/ions produces beautiful crystalline structure. Which compound from the lab produced crystals faster/slower? The beauty of crystalline solids, such as these, comes from the orderly arrangement of their component ions.

Ionic Compounds: Crystal Lattice Stronger attractive force between ions Faster crystal growth. Sodium cations and chloride anions form a repeating three-dimensional array in sodium chloride (NaCl). Inferring How does the arrangement of ions in a sodium chloride crystal help explain why the compound is so stable?

Covalent Compounds: Crystal Lattice Weaker attractive forces between covalent compounds (molecules). Slower crystal growth. o o o o C C C C http://iscience.ru/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/sugar-molecule-02.jpg http://www.michigansugar.com/images/ag/production/th_med_crystals.jpg

Melting Points of Compounds Which has a higher melting point? Does the table below prove or disprove your conclusion from the lab? Explain your answer. Chemical Compounds Melting Point (oC) Boiling Point (oC) Cr2O3 2,266 4,000 SrF2 1,470 2,489 CCl4 -22.9 76.6 CH4O -97.8 64.7 Chemical Compounds Article

Properties of Chemical Compounds Why do ionic compounds in general have higher melting and boiling points? stronger attractive forces between ions Collection of Ionic Compounds Collection of Covalent Compounds

Properties of Chemical Compounds Ionic Compounds are primarily solids at room temperature. Molecules can be a solid, liquid, or gas at room temp. Examples: . O2 and CH4 (C8H18) (C8H8)

Properties of Chemical Compounds Which type of compound do you think is more brittle when stress is applied to it? Collection of Ionic Compounds Collection of Covalent Compounds

Properties of Ionic Compounds Ionic crystals are brittle when stress is applied. Repulsion increases when similar ions are force together. + - - - - + + + + + - - - - + + + + http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html

Properties of Molecules Molecules are more resilient (durable) than ionic compounds. Why? http://www.chemguide.co.uk/atoms/structures/ionicstruct.html

Chemical Bonding Homework: Complete/correct properties of ionic and covalent compound lab. Review Covalent Compound Nomenclature practice problems from webpage. Complete three examples from 2 and 3 from wksht.

Chemical Bonding: 2.18.14 Infinite Campus Update Objectives: Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds Lab (20pts.) Objectives: I can identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. I can illustrate covalent bonding using Lewis Dot structures.

Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer Classify as ionic or covalent. CH4 b. CuO c. PBr3 d. K3N Which of the above compounds would… conduct electricity? have a lower melting point? crystallize faster out of solution? d. have a lower electronegativity difference between bonded atoms?

Covalent Compounds Chemical name of covalent compounds CO2= P2O5 = O2= 2. Chemical formula of covalent compounds. dihydrogen monoxide = dinitrogen trioxide= bromine= *Diatomic molecules:

Covalent Compounds Chemical name of covalent compounds CO2= carbon dioxde P2O5 = diphosphorus pentoxide O2= oxygen 2. Chemical formula of covalent compounds. dihydrogen monoxide = H2O dinitrogen trioxide= N2O3 bromine= Br2

Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds = molecules When naming covalent compounds prefixes are primarily used. *Use flow chart* Prefixes: Mon(o)=1 atom Hexa = 6 atoms Di= 2 atoms Hepta= 7 atoms Tri= 3 atoms Octa= 8 atoms Tetra= 4 atoms Nona= 9 atoms Penta= 5 atoms Deca= 10 atoms

Chemical Bonding: 2.19.14 Infinite Campus Update Objectives: Chemical Compounds/Properties Bell Ringer (8pts) Objectives: I can identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. I can illustrate covalent bonding using Lewis Dot structures. I can distinguish between polar and non-polar covalent bonds.

Chemical Bonding: Bell Ringer Classify as ionic or covalent. CH4 b. CuO c. PBr3 d. K3N (C ) (I ) (C ) ( I ) Which of the above compounds would… conduct electricity? ionic have a lower melting point? covalent crystallize faster out of solution? ionic d. have a lower electronegativity difference between bonded atoms? covalent

Electronegativity Values

Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Structure Polar or Non-polar Bonds?

Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Structure Polar or Non-polar Bonds?

Chemical Bonding: 2.20.14 Infinite Campus Update Objectives: Chemical Compounds/Properties Bell Ringer (8pts) Objectives: I can identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table. I can illustrate covalent bonding using Lewis Dot structures. I can distinguish between polar and non-polar covalent bonds. Homework: Chemical Bonding Study Guide Unit Exam: Next Wednesday

Chemical Bonding: Polarity Bell Ringer What does the penguin and the polar bear represent in the comic strip? What does the ice cream scoops represent in the comic strip? 3. a. What did the iceberg represent? b. What is the trend in electronegativity according to the iceberg illustration? Explain using the illustrations the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds?

Electronegativity Values webassign.net

Covalent Bonds Polar Bonds: Where atoms do NOT share bonded electrons equally. Usually 2 different elements making up the bond. Ex. N----F bond Non-Polar Bonds: Where atoms share bonded electrons equally or very close to it. Usually same elements. Ex. O-----O Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008 87

Chemical Bonding : Electronegativity Difference

Covalent Bonds Polar Bonds: Where atoms do NOT share bonded electrons equally. Usually 2 different elements making up the bond. Ex. N----F bond Non-Polar Bonds: Where atoms share bonded electrons equally or very close to it. Usually same elements. Ex. O-----O Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008 89

Electronegativity Values

Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Structure Polar or Non-polar Bonds?

Chemical Bonding: 2.21.14 Due: Molecular Structure Worksheet Objectives: I can distinguish between polar and non-polar covalent bonds. (Covalent Bonding Bell Ringer) Chemical Bonding Review Gallery Walk Homework: ( Due Mon.) Complete Molecular Structure Worksheet Chemical Bonding Open Response Qts.

Chemical Bonding Unit Objectives: Understand why compounds exist in nature. Illustrate chemical bonding between elements using Lewis Dot structures. Indentify and compare the two classes of compounds by their chemical and physical properties. Identify and predict compound names and formulas by element’s location on the periodic table.

Covalent Bonding: Bell Ringer Classify the following covalent bonds as either polar or non-polar bonds using your electronegativity table. a. O----O b. C-----F c. P-----H d. S-----O e. N------I

Covalent Bonds Polar Bonds: Bonded electrons are not shared equally between the atoms. (polar bear and penguin) Non-Polar Bonds: Bonded electrons are shared equally or very close to it between the atoms. (two polar bears; two penguins) Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008 95

Electronegativity Values webassign.net

Chemical Bonding : Electronegativity Difference

Chemical Bonding: 2.21.14 Due: Molecular Structure Worksheet Chemical Bonding Open Response Question Objectives: I can distinguish between polar and non-polar covalent bonds. (Covalent Bonding Bell Ringer) Complete chemical bonding review. Homework: ( Due Mon.) Molecular Structure Worksheet Corrections Review for Exam (Wednesday)

Chemical Bonding: 2.24.14 Due: Molecular Structure Worksheet Objectives: I can illustrate covalent bonding using Lewis Dot structures. I can distinguish between polar and non-polar covalent bonds. (Covalent Bonding Bell Ringer) Chemical Bonding Review Gallery Walk Homework: Complete Molecular Structure Worksheet Review Study Guide-Test Wednesday

Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula SiO2 Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Structure Molecular Name Polar or Non-Polar Bonds? N2

Chemical Bonding: 2.25.14 Due: Chemical Bonding Review-Gallery Walk Molecular Structure Worksheet (late) Chemical Bonding Open Response Qts. (late) Objectives: Chemical Bonding Review Conservation of Mass Lab –prep. Homework: Chemical Bonding Exam-tomorrow

Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula NCl3 Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Structure Molecular Name Polar or Non-Polar Bonds? CS2

Molecules: Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Formula NCl3 Lewis Dot Sharing Molecular Structure Molecular Name Polar or Non-Polar Bonds? CS2

Chemical Bonding Review

Law of Conservation Mass Lab Purpose: To review chemical nomenclature To test the Law of Conservation of Mass

Law of Conservation Mass Lab

Covalent Bonds Polar Bonds: Bonded electrons are not shared equally between the atoms. (polar bear and penguin) Non-Polar Bonds: Bonded electrons are shared equally or very close to it between the atoms. (two polar bears; two penguins) Prentice Hall KY Teacher Express, 2008 107

Chemical Bonding Gallery Walk If you are goofing off or not contributing to answers then you will be dismissed from walk and will work alone at desk. I will take up answers to gallery walk today

Chemical Structure of Covalent Compounds Non-metals atoms share valence electrons to reach stability. (Octet Rule) Types of covalent bonds between two atoms: Single Bond (share 2ve-) Double Bond (share 4 ve-) Triple Bond (share 6 ve-)

Chemistry Study Guide Omit question number 18 on test.

ChemicalCompoundsReview Ionic Compounds: Transfer of valence electrons. Usually a metal and a non-metal ion. Covalent Compounds: Sharing valence electrons. Consists only of non-metals.

Ionic vs. Covalent Compounds

Metallic Bonding NOT on chemical bonding test. Will discuss after test.

Metallic Bonding What are some properties of Metallic Bonding?

Metallic Bonding