1. 1 Ionic Compounds Due Today: “Formation of Ions” worksheet Objective: Students will be able to write balanced chemical formulas for ionic compounds and name these compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature Agenda: Warm-up/Binder Set Up Lecture/notes ionic compounds Ionic Compounds Activity Exit Ticket Homework None Warm-up – Give the name and ionic symbol for the ions that the following elements will form. Label each ion as cation or anion. 1. Calcium 2. Strontium 3. Fluorine

2. Formation of Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds are composed of cations (metals) and anions (non-metals) Although they are composed of ions, ionic compounds are electrically neutral (meaning that the positive charge equals the negative charge) 2

3. Ionic Bonds An ionic bond is formed when the positive charge of a cation and the negative charge of an anion attract one another 3

4. Properties of Ionic Compounds Most are crystalline solids at room temperature Generally have high melting points Conduct electricity when dissolved in solution. When ionic compounds dissolve in water they break down into their ions. 4

5. Formula Units Ionic Compounds exist as collection of negative and positive charge arranged in repeated patterns. The smallest whole number ratio that exists between the cations and anions that form an ionic compound. Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is Na + and Cl - ionically bonded. Ions are distributed in a 1:1 ratio 5

6. Chemical Formula The chemical formula shows the kinds and the number of atoms in a substance Examples Sodium and Chlorine = NaCl Aluminum and Bromine = AlBr 3 Magnesium and Oxygen = MgO 6

7. Writing Binary Ionic Compounds The cation (metal) with the correct charge (oxidation number) is written first The anion (nonmetal) with the correct charge (oxidation number) is written second 7

8. How to Write Ionic Formulas Criss-Cross the charges from the superscripts to subscripts using the absolute values (do not include + or - signs) Example 8

9. How to Write Ionic Formulas Check to make sure the subscripts are in the lowest possible ratio to one another  simplify subscripts if needed. Example 9

10. Practice Write the Ionic Formula for Barium and Chlorine Step 1: Write the cation with charge first and anion with charge second Ba 2+ Cl - Step 2 Criss-cross the superscripts Why is there no subscript for Ba? Step 3: Simplify subscripts if needed. 10

11. Polyatomic Ions An ion in which two or more atoms are bonded covalently 11

12. It is important to know the correct charges of polyatomic ions so that you can write the correct formula When a formula contains multiple polyatomics, you must “keep it together” by putting it in parenthesis. Example: Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 – calcium phosphate The charge must still equal zero! 12

13. Practice with polyatomic ions Write the formula for Aluminum Hydroxide Barium sulfate Sodium Phosphate 13

14. 14 Naming Ionic Compounds with Two Elements To name a compound that contains two elements, identify the cation and anion. name the cation first, followed by the name of the anion with an –ide ending.

15. 15 Charges of Representative Elements Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

16. 16 Names of Some Common Ions

17. 17 Complete the names of the following ions: Ba 2+ Al 3+ K + _________ __________ _________ N 3  O 2  F  _________ __________ _________ P 3  S 2  Cl  _________ __________ _________ Learning Check

18. 18 Ba 2+ Al 3+ K + barium aluminum potassium N 3  O 2  F  nitride oxide fluoride P 3  S 2  Cl  phosphide sulfide chloride Solution

19. 19 Formula IonsName cation anion NaClNa + Cl - sodium chloride K 2 SK + S 2- potassium sulfide MgOMg 2+ O 2- magnesium oxide CaI 2 Ca 2+ I - calcium iodide Al 2 O 3 Al 3+ O 2- aluminum oxide Examples of Ionic Compounds with Two Elements

20. 20 Write the names of the following compounds: 1) CaO___________ 2) KBr___________ 3) Al 2 O 3 ___________ 4) MgCl 2 ___________ Learning Check

21. 21 Write the names of the following compounds: 1)CaOcalcium oxide 2)KBrpotassium bromide 3)Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide 4)MgCl 2 magnesium chloride Solution

22. 22 Learning Check Write the formulas and names for compounds of the following ions: Br − S 2− N 3− Na + Al 3+

23. 23 Solution Br − S 2− N 3− Na + Al 3+ NaBr sodium bromide Na 2 S sodium sulfide Na 3 N sodium nitride AlBr 3 aluminum bromide Al 2 S 3 aluminum sulfide AlN aluminum nitride

24. Transition Metals Form Positive Ions Most transition metals and Group 4 (14) metals form 2 or more positive ions. However, Zn 2+, Ag +, and Cd 2+ form only one ion.

25. 25 Metals That Form More Than One Cation The name of metals with two or more positive ions (cations) use a Roman numeral to identify ionic charge.

26. 26 Naming Ionic Compounds with Variable Charge Metals

27. 27 Naming Variable Charge Metals Transition metals with two different ions use a Roman numeral after the name of the metal to indicate ionic charge.

28. 28 Naming FeCl 2 To name FeCl 2 : 1. Determine the charge of the cation using the charge of the anion (Cl - ). Fe ion + 2 Cl - = Fe ion + 2- = 0 Fe ion = 2+ 2. Name the cation by the element name and add a Roman numeral in parentheses to show its charge. Fe 2+ = iron(II) 3. Write the anion with an ide ending. FeCl 2 = iron(II) chloride

29. 29 Naming Cr 2 O 3 To name Cr 2 O 3 : 1. Determine the charge of cation from the anion (O 2- ). 2 Cr ions + 3 O 2- = 0 2 Cr ions + 3 (2-) = 0 2 Cr ions - 6 = 0 2 Cr ions = 6+ Cr ion = 3+ = Cr 3+ 2. Name the cation by the element name and add a Roman numeral in parentheses to show its charge. Cr 3+ = chromium(III) 3. Write the anion with an ide ending. chromium(III) oxide = Cr 2 O 3

30. 30 Learning Check Select the correct name for each. A. Fe 2 S 3 1) iron sulfide 2) iron(II) sulfide 3) iron(III) sulfide B. CuO 1) copper oxide 2) copper(I) oxide 3) copper(II) oxide

31. 31 Solution Select the correct name for each. A. Fe 2 S 3 3) iron (III) sulfide Fe 3+ S 2- B. CuO 3) copper (II) oxide Cu 2+ O 2-

32. 32 Guide to Writing Formulas from the Name Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

33. 33 Writing Formulas Write a formula for potassium sulfide. 1. Identify the cation and anion. potassium = K + sulfide = S 2− 2. Balance the charges. K + S 2− K + 2(1+) + 2(1-) = 0 3. 2 K + and 1 S 2− = K 2 S

34. 34 Writing Formulas Write a formula for iron(III) chloride. 1. Identify the cation and anion. iron (III) = Fe 3+ (III = charge of 3+) chloride = Cl − 2. Balance the charges. Fe 3+ Cl − Cl − = (3+) + 3(1-) = 0 Cl − 3. 1 Fe 3+ and 3 Cl − = FeCl 3

35. 35 Learning Check What is the correct formula for each of the following? A. Copper(I) nitride 1) CuN2) CuN 3 3) Cu 3 N B. Lead(IV) oxide 1) PbO 2 2) PbO 3) Pb 2 O 4

36. 36 Solution The correct formula is A. Copper(I) nitride 3) Cu 3 NNeed 3 Cu + and N 3- B. Lead(IV) oxide 1) PbO 2 Need Pb 4+ and 2 O 2-