Quality, Quality Control Lee Buddress, Ph,D., C.P.M. Robert G. Gleason Professor and Director Supply and Logistics Program Portland State University
Control Charts Processes Have Natural Variation Fundamental Question: Natural Variation or Process Change? That is what Statistical Process Control is All About Key Assumptions: Sample is RANDOMLY selected Defects are randomly distributed throughout the lot Cautionary Note: Works Best for High Volume, Repetitive Tasks
Sampling For Defects (What is Quality of Lot?) For Conformance to Specification (No More Than X% Defective)
Control Chart Types Attribute Charts (things counted) P-chart: Proportion Defective C-chart: Number of Defects Focus is on PRODUCT output Variable Charts X-chart: Sample Means R-chart: Range Means Focus in on PROCESS, itself
Control Chart Exercise
Control Chart Problem Indicators One Data Point Outside Control Limit Two Data Points in Zone Three Five Consecutive Data Points on One Side of the Mean Trend - Five Successive Points in a Trend Erratic Behavior Sudden Change in Behavior
Check Sheet
Pareto Analysis A Prioritization Tool Law of Diminishing Returns
5 ‘M’s (+) Ishikawa Diagrams (Fishbone) Man Machine Method Materials Maintenance Environment
Why-Why Goal is to Get Past Symptoms to Underlying Cause Ask Why Until No Further Useful Information is Forthcoming
Quality and Supply Chains Customer Requirements Specifications Supplier Selection Process Capability Quality Evaluation First Article Inspection Defect Detection Defect Prevention
Quality and Supply Chains Supplier Certification ISO 9000 Incoming Receiving Legal Requirements for Inspection Latent Defects Learning Curves
Total Quality Management TQM Principles Know/Understand Customers and Requirements Satisfy/Delight Customers Continuous Improvement Elements of TQM Process Identification Process Mapping Process Simplification Process Controls Track - Monitor Continuous Improvement
Standardization Internal Processes Materials Equipment External Industry Standards (Materials) Industrial Standardization (SAE) Multi-Industry (ANSI, ASTM) International (ISO, Metrics)
Standardization Industry Standards Company Standardization Impacts on Inventory Impacts on Purchasing Impacts on Maintenance and Repair Impacts on Quality Implementation
Standardization & Quality Quality and Multiple Sourcing Standardization = Known Characteristics Supplier Certification Why is it so important to get it right the first time? Manufacturing All Other Processes
Questions, Comments, Observations, Conclusions, Arguments?