An integrative look at criminal behaviour 2.3 The biological level of analysis.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
2.3 A N I NTEGRATIVE LOOK AT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR. B IOLOGICAL L EVEL OF A NALYSIS Are some people born to be criminals? Is crime specific to ethnic groups,
Advertisements

Chapter 4 - Aggression Topic 1 - Social psychological approaches to explaining aggression Social psychological theories of aggression Explanations of institutional.
Biological Explanations of Aggression
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF AGGRESSION ROLE OF GENETIC FACTORS.
Biological Level of Analysis In Depression. Serotonin Hypothesis.
What do they have to do with aggression? What is serotonin, what is low levels associated (possibly) with?
Turning to crime Biology. Turning To CrimeBiology Brain Dysfunction Raine Genetic Abnormality Caspi Gender related life expectancy Daly & Wilson.
Raine et al (1997) Brain abnormalities in murderers
Anorexia Nervosa Unit PSYA3
REVOLUTION – 1970’s - PRESENT FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY EARLY LIFE PSYCHOTHERAPY TO BIOLOGICAL DISEASE BRAIN MEDICATION.
An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology
REVOLUTION – 1970’s - PRESENT FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY EARLY LIFE PSYCHOTHERAPY TO BIOLOGICAL DISEASE BRAIN MEDICATION.
Etiology of Depression - Biology. Genetics Genetic factors may predispose people to depression Nurnberger + Gershon (1982) reviewed twin study results.
Biological explanations of depression
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS. Bio chemical changes Genetic inheritance Metabolic & hormonal changes.
Can ‘PMT’ be a contributory factor in murder?
2.2 Biological level of analysis
The Role of Neural and Hormonal Mechanisms in Aggression To understand how destroying the amygdala reduces aggression. Explain how testosterone leads to.
Antisocial Personality Disorder. Antisocial Behaviour –criminal, aggressive behaviour that might come to clinical attention –less inflexible, maladaptive,
Perspectives in Psychology Lecturer: Elspeth Cordell.
The Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia 1. Genetics 2. Biochemistry 3. Evolutionary Theory.
Mood Disorders Biological explanations –Genetics –Neurochemical abnormalities
Topic E: are criminals born or made? WEEK 1  TO EXAMINE BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES OF CRIMINALITY.  TO ANSWER THE QUESTION: ‘TO WHAT EXTEND IS NATURE.
The Etiology of Depression (BLOA)
Explaining Crime and Deviance
© Banff and Buchan College 2004 Depression – Biological Factors.
Turning to crime Biology. Turning To CrimeBiology Brain Dysfunction Raine Genes and Serotonin BrunnerGender Daly & Wilson.
Functions of Hormones in Human Behavior IB Psychology From Levels of Analysis in Psychology.
Research has been carried out to discover whether criminal tendencies can be inherited - Does crime run in families? Dugdale’s (1910) study of the Dukes.
Why do people commit Crimes? Contemporary Biological Theories of Criminology.
Theories of Crime Biology.
What is Crime? What makes people commit crimes? Are there different causes for different crimes?
Biological Explanations of offending Twin Studies and Adoption Studies.
Perspectives in Psychology Lecturer: Elspeth Cordell.
Contents What is Physiological Psychology? Assumptions Methods of Investigation Core Studies from Physiological Psychology: Dement and Kleitman (1957)
Biology and Crime Early Positivism: the legacy of the early 1900s
Genetic Factors in Aggression The Genetic Link in Aggression What have twin and adoption studies shown? McGuffin & Gottesman (1985) study of concordance.
Explanations of Criminal Behavior Theories of Criminal Behavior.
Spot the (alleged) criminal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY The central question is Can we link biological processes or structures directly to human behaviour?
AGGRESSION: Year 13.  Genes are the ‘hand behind the scenes’... directing testosterone’s actions...
Forensic Psychology Turning to Crime Revision. Turning to Crime What makes some people turn to a life a crime? Is it due to upbringing or biology? Nature.
Session 18. two Examine one interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of behaviour. Evaluate two relevant studies.
 Psychologists are divided as to whether depression is developed due to genes or other reasons  Research has shown that individuals with a parent or.
Biological Approach Methods. Other METHODS of studying biological traits??? How else can you examine biological links to behaviour? Brain storm.
Chapter Five: Trait Theory: It’s in Their Blood. Trait Theory The view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits The.
Spot the (alleged) criminal. Musician PoliticianEstate agent What are their alleged crimes?
Schizophrenia. Problems with diagnosing A true diagnosis cannot be made until a patient is clinically interviewed. Psychiatrists are relying on retrospective.
Genetics and Behavior With reference to relevant research studies, to what extent does genetic inheritance influence behavior?
Anorexia nervosa Biological explanations. EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Guisinger 2003 Suggested that AN was an adaptive behaviour in the environment.
The study of the causes of diseases
Contents What is Physiological Psychology? Assumptions
Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour Objectives for topic Describe two biological explanations of Criminal behaviour... * Inherited Criminality.
What causes Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Brain abnormalities in murders indicated by positron emission tomography (PET) Raine et al.
METHODS of studying biological traits???
METHODS of studying biological traits???
Theories of Crime Biology.
The Mobley Defence Real world application/issues and debates
Schizophrenia.
Psychology.
Empirical Research on Psychopathy Biological Influences
Are we born bad or Does life make us bad?
Mood Disorders Biological explanations Genetics
Biological Explanations of Criminal Behaviour Objectives for topic Describe two biological explanations of Criminal behaviour... * Inherited Criminality.
Schizophrenia Specification details: Pages of Year 2 book
Biological Explanations of Criminal behaviour
Week 2 Lesson 1 – Bio explanations (AO1)
The role of genetic factors in aggression
Presentation transcript:

An integrative look at criminal behaviour 2.3 The biological level of analysis

Criminal behaviour Name programmes you know that are about solving crime… And some of them that integrate medical and psychological information into the episodes…

Category: Crime television series CSI (Miami, NY…) Wire in the Blood Criminal Minds Midsomer Murders Detective Linley Miss Marple Rebus Bones Dexter In this category: 597

The nature of crime We are both appalled and fascinated by the nature of crime We also want to prevent and solve crime, right? So what makes people turn to criminal behaviour? Born a criminal? Bad environment? In this chapter we are going to investigate criminal behaviour from the biological level of analysis and come back to use the cognitive and sociocultural when we have studied them.

What makes one turn to criminal behaviour? Early theorists believed that there were “criminal types” (and some still do!) that they came from certain ethnic groups, had certain physical characteristics (strong jawline, high cheekbone, large ears, extra fingers or toes) Today, psychologists recognize that the origins of criminal behaviour are complex, resulting of a combination of risk factors – both biological and environmental factors – which interact. The more of these factors – the more likely the individual is to engage in criminal behaviour

The biological level of analysis Genetics Brain Neurotransmitters Hormones

Are some born to be criminals? No, however Biological factors can contribute to criminality

Genetics Twin studies Christiansen 1977 studied 3586 sets of twins Results indicate that there may be some genetic factors: concordance rate: 35% in MZ males, 13% DZ males 21 % MZ females, 8% DZ women Limitations: ?

Limitations Share same environment MZ twins Get treated more similar than DZ twins

Adoption studies Hutchings and Mednick (1975) Results: found that if both the biological and adoptive fathers had criminal records, 36,2 % of sons had a criminal record If only the biological father had it, it dropped to 21,4 % If only the adoptive father, it fell to 11,5% When none of the fathers had a record, 10,5% of sons had one

Adoption studies This study shows the importance of environmental factors in combination with genetic factors Limitations: 1.Similar homes 2.Some children are several years when they are adopted

Limitations with genetic factors 1.What is a “crime gene” – and which crime does it reflect…tax crime? Drugs? Murder? 2.Can’t explain why it change over time in a person’s life – peak in their 20s and declining after 30

The brain Blair et al (1999) examined brains of convicted psychopaths using PET scans that revealed impairment of the pathways between amygdala and the frontal lobe. Amygdala – responsible for emotional responses Frontal lobe - decision making

The Brain The theory is that due to this impairment, they have a difficulty in moderating their emotional reactions, which in turn has an effect on social relationships which leads to undeveloped empathy, undeveloped feeling of guilt and that they act more impulsively

The brain The frontal brain hypothesis – the theory behind that due to a malfunctioning relationship between frontal cortex and the limbic system (amygdala is part of the limbic system) could cause criminal behaviour Does not explain all criminal behaviour

Raine et al (1997) Read Raine et al (1997) study on brain abnormalities in murderers indicated by positron emission tomography (PET) and write a summary of it. Use max 200 words, Include: the aim, method and results.

Neurochemical imbalances Neurotransmitters and hormones Seems to best explain the significant gender difference with regard to crime 2004 US, 90,1 % arrested murderers were male, 82,1% arrested for violent crime were male

Neurochemical imbalances Two explanations for this is: Low levels of serotonin (which men usually have) is linked to antisocial and impulsive behaviour Violent criminals have higher doses of testosterone than non-aggressive criminals Limitations: correlational studies = no cause and effect Unsure if chemical imbalances are due to genetic factors or environmental

Nature of crime Biological level of analysis can’t on its own give the full explanation of the nature of crime, to be continued… But what if… (TOK: ethics on p. 63)