This is your Brain: Teaching About Neuroscience and Addiction Research Slide No. Transparency Title 1 Title and Table of Contents 12 K – Can research help Chris? 2 A – Chris collapses in gym 13 L – Research questions 3 B – Chris Treated at emergency room 14 L (cont’d) – Research questions 4 C – Chris tests positive for drugs 15 M – Can a mouse help Chris? 5 D – The scientific method 16 N – Doctor questions Chris’ best friend 6 E – Types of graphs 17 O – Key ethics terms 7 F – What’s wrong, Chris? 18 P – Researcher seeks approval for experiment 8 G – Functions of the brain 19 Q – Animal care and use committee alerted 9 H – How a neuron sends a message 20 R – Chris released from hospital! 10 I – Sending the message across the synapse 21 S – Animal research reduced at local lab 11 J – How have drugs affected Chris’s brain?

Transparency A – Chris Collapses in Gym

Transparency B – Chris Treated at Emergency Room Who Is Chris? Transparency B   © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency C – Chris Tests Positive for Drugs Thinking Like a Scientist Transparency C   © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency D - The Scientific Method   Transparency D - The Scientific Method Transparency D  The Scientific Method 1. State the problem What are you wondering about? Write the question(s) that the experiment will try to answer   2. Collect information What do you already know? What can you find out?  Look for information about your question before you begin your experiment  How have others looked at this question? 3. Form a hypothesis Based on what you know, what do you think will happen?  Predict what the result of your experiment will show.  Try to write your hypothesis as an “if/then’ statement 4. Test your hypothesis How will you conduct your experiment? Describe the steps of your experiment What materials will you need? 5. Observe and record your results What happened in your experiment? Organize and record the data you collected. 6. Draw a conclusion Did you support your hypothesis? What new questions do you have?) State whether you hypothesis was support Share your conclusion with others

Transparency E – Types of Graphs Line Graph - Bar Graph -

Transparency F What’s Wrong Chris? Thinking Like a Scientist Transparency F © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency G Functions of the Brain

Transparency H How the neuron Sends a Message

Transparency I Sending the message across the synapse 1 Axon Terminals places where messages are changed from electrical to chemical and are released into the synapse 2 4 Synapse gap between neurons where messages travel across the synapse to another neuron 3 Receptors receive messages carried by the neurotransmitter Neurotransmitters carry messages from one neuron across the synapse to another neuron. Dopamine is the most common neurotransmitter in humans.

Transparency J Have Drugs Affected Chris’ Brain? How Does the Brain Work? Transparency J   © Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency K - Can Research Help Chris? How do Drugs Affect the Brain? Transparency K © 2006 Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency L Research Questions How Science Is Helping Transparency L    Research Questions Study 1: Are neurotransmitters in the brain affected by cocaine addiction? Study 2: How many 8th grade students in the U.S. have tried alcohol at least once? Study 3: Are there differences between the brains of people who take risks and people who do not take risks? Study 4: Are children of alcoholics at greater risk for becoming alcoholics than children of non-alcoholic parents? Study 5: Does drug dependence result from a problem in how the brain’s neurons transmit messages? Study 6: Can using different rewards/consequences reduce cigarette use? Study 7: Do specific neuron pathways reinforce the effects of drugs? Study 8: Can studies of twins help us look for inherited risk factors for substance abuse? Study 9: How do heroin users get the drug into their systems?

Transparency L (cont’d) – Research Questions How Science Is Helping Transparency L continued Research Questions Study 10: Do kids try marijuana just as often as they do cigarettes?   Study 11: Are middle school students more likely to grow up to be smokers if one or both of their parents smoke? Study 12: If a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, will her baby’s development be affected? Study 13: Is marijuana addictive? Study 14: Are middle and high school students who use smokeless tobacco more likely to become cigarette smokers than students who don’t smoke at all? Study 15: Can genetics play a role in substance abuse and its risk factors? Study 16: How many high school seniors become regular substance users? Study 17: Are adolescents influenced by other adolescents and adults who smoke?  Study 18: Do regular marijuana users develop breathing problems?

Transparency M Can a Mouse help Chris? How Science Is Helping Transparency M

Transparency N – Doctor Questions Chris’ Best Friend Why Research Is Important Transparency N   © Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency O – What is Ethics? Key Ethics Terms   key term definition* example   Autonomy A person’s ability to make their own decisions. Beneficence Acting in a way that benefits people or animals; doing good for others. Compassion Genuine care for the suffering of others including providing kindness and comfort. Justice Treating others fairly, and having the right to equal opportunities. Non-maleficence Not intentionally harming others, and preventing harms from occurring to people or animals.

Transparency P – Researcher Seeks Approval What Is Ethics? Transparency P  © Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency Q – Animal Care and Use Committee Alerted Applying Ethics to Animal Research Transparency Q   © Jupiterimages Corporation

Transparency R – Chris Released from Hospital Ensuring the Ethical Conduct of Research Transparency R © Jupiterimages Corporation 

Transparency S – Animal Research Reduced at Local Lab Thinking About the Future of Research Transparency S   © Jupiterimages Corporation