1 CCTV SYSTEMS TESTING

2 CCTV SYSTEMS CCTV systems of all sizes are complex video signaling systems, they are subject to many of the same problems found in other video applications. CCTV systems require calibration and video signal conditioning. There are many different types of calibration and test equipment. CCTV systems of all sizes are complex video signaling systems, they are subject to many of the same problems found in other video applications. CCTV systems require calibration and video signal conditioning. There are many different types of calibration and test equipment.

3 CCTV SYSTEMS A standard video signal is always a monochrome signal. For applications using color, the color information is overlaid on the monochrome elements to reproduce color at the monitor, recorder or printer. A standard video signal is always a monochrome signal. For applications using color, the color information is overlaid on the monochrome elements to reproduce color at the monitor, recorder or printer.

4 CCTV SYSTEMS Analog video signals carry two different types of color information: Chrominance and Luminance Luminance represents a series of voltage levels and determines the brightness of an image. The brighter the image, the lower the amplitude of the signal. Analog video signals carry two different types of color information: Chrominance and Luminance Luminance represents a series of voltage levels and determines the brightness of an image. The brighter the image, the lower the amplitude of the signal.

5 CCTV SYSTEMS Chrominance signal is a sine wave. Chrominance signal contains information representing the properties of hue and saturation for video color. Chrominance signal is a sine wave. Chrominance signal contains information representing the properties of hue and saturation for video color.

6 CCTV SYSTEMS Cameras, video recorders and monitors need periodic adjustments or calibration to maintain the correct display of chrominance and luminance signals.

7 CCTV SYSTEMS A waveform monitor is used with a color bar generator. A waveform monitor is a special oscilloscope used to evaluate video signals. A waveform monitor is used with a color bar generator. A waveform monitor is a special oscilloscope used to evaluate video signals.

8 CCTV SYSTEMS A waveform monitor displays the amplitude information of the signal. A color bar generator creates an ideal color signal for measuring signal. Color bar information is recorded for review. A waveform monitor displays the amplitude information of the signal. A color bar generator creates an ideal color signal for measuring signal. Color bar information is recorded for review.

9 CCTV SYSTEMS A vectorscope is another test and calibration device used for CCTV systems. A vectorscope displays information about the chrominance, or color portion of the video signal. A vectorscope is another test and calibration device used for CCTV systems. A vectorscope displays information about the chrominance, or color portion of the video signal.

10 CCTV SYSTEMS A vectorscope allows you to adjust the color by synchronizing on a subcarrier of the video signal. The subcarrier signal information is called the color burst. It is used to provide a synchronizing signal for representing variations in hue and saturation. A vectorscope allows you to adjust the color by synchronizing on a subcarrier of the video signal. The subcarrier signal information is called the color burst. It is used to provide a synchronizing signal for representing variations in hue and saturation.

11 CCTV SYSTEMS The vectorscope is used to test three key video elements: 1.Chrominance phase. 2.Gain. 3.White balance. The vectorscope is used to test three key video elements: 1.Chrominance phase. 2.Gain. 3.White balance. VECTORSCOPE

12 CCTV SYSTEMS Chrominance should be in phase with the color burst. If the chrominance is out of phase, the color hues are incorrect and causes distortions such as green faces and blue foliage. Chrominance should be in phase with the color burst. If the chrominance is out of phase, the color hues are incorrect and causes distortions such as green faces and blue foliage.

13 CCTV SYSTEMS Gain is measured in amplitude. It allows you to ensure that the amplitude of the signal is within acceptable thresholds. White balancing is the process of calibrating the red, blue and green channels. Gain is measured in amplitude. It allows you to ensure that the amplitude of the signal is within acceptable thresholds. White balancing is the process of calibrating the red, blue and green channels.

14 CCTV SYSTEMS If out of balance, the whites in the screen will be affected, this results in excessive or diminished brightness.

15 CCTV SYSTEMS When testing and calibrating equipment, make sure that each piece of equipment does not generate noise or distortion. The calibrating equipment does affect the signal. You will need to adjust the recorder, monitor and camera to affect the signal. When testing and calibrating equipment, make sure that each piece of equipment does not generate noise or distortion. The calibrating equipment does affect the signal. You will need to adjust the recorder, monitor and camera to affect the signal.

16 CCTV SYSTEMS Always start with the first piece of equipment in the circuit. Starting from the first piece of equipment work towards the end of the circuit for proper calibration. Adjustments to the signal must be made on the generating device. Always start with the first piece of equipment in the circuit. Starting from the first piece of equipment work towards the end of the circuit for proper calibration. Adjustments to the signal must be made on the generating device.

17 CCTV SYSTEMS Calibration is the process of adjusting a measurement to a known standard and is applied at two levels. Most pieces of equipment have controls that allow for operator adjustment. Expert technical and electronic skills are sometimes required for serious calibration of equipment. Calibration is the process of adjusting a measurement to a known standard and is applied at two levels. Most pieces of equipment have controls that allow for operator adjustment. Expert technical and electronic skills are sometimes required for serious calibration of equipment.

18 CCTV SYSTEMS Qualified service technicians in a lab environment should be used when performing these types of calibrations, they should never be performed in the field. Qualified service technicians in a lab environment should be used when performing these types of calibrations, they should never be performed in the field.

19 CCTV SYSTEMS As mentioned before all cameras should be tested before they are installed at their permanent location. Final adjustments to the video images are done with the camera installed so that you can compensate for lighting, magnification and FOV. As mentioned before all cameras should be tested before they are installed at their permanent location. Final adjustments to the video images are done with the camera installed so that you can compensate for lighting, magnification and FOV.

20 CCTV SYSTEMS If the CCTV system is a CAT 5e/6 solution then the camera should be tested while plugged into a PoE switch.

21 CCTV SYSTEMS All coax cables can be quickly tested using a digital multi meter. You will simply be testing for shorts and opens. The next slide shows how to properly test a coax cable for shorts and opens. All coax cables can be quickly tested using a digital multi meter. You will simply be testing for shorts and opens. The next slide shows how to properly test a coax cable for shorts and opens.

22 CCTV SYSTEMS

23 CCTV SYSTEMS