1. We went from peacetime to war 2. Our country felt overwhelming sadness along with extreme patriotism 3. Many began to discriminate against people of Middle Eastern descent. How did the 9/11 terrorist attacks change our country?

What is Pearl Harbor? - Largest U.S. Naval base - Natural harbor protected on three sides with only a shallow entrance/exit

Where is Pearl Harbor?

Why did the Japanese attack us? By 1940, Japan controlled French Indochina (Vietnam) and other SE Asian countries. This is a direct threat to Great Britain’s colonies (A strong ally of the U.S.) As a result, The U.S. placed an oil embargo on Japan, crippling their economy.

On November 26, 1941, a Japanese task force of six aircraft carriers departed northern Japan en route to a position northwest of Hawaii (3,900 miles)

The ENTIRE Pacific fleet was stationed at Pearl Harbor; The Japanese felt they could cripple the U.S. Navy and have complete access to the Pacific Ocean

The Attack! * Morning of Dec. 7, 183 torpedo bombers and dive-bombers took off from the Japanese fleet (250 miles NW of Hawaii) * The first wave was detected by U.S. Army radar, but was misidentified as USAAF bombers arriving from the American mainland! * The Japanese attacked in two waves (first wave, primary attack – second wave, the finisher!)

Japanese attacks would come in 2 waves Spies in Oahu gave detailed modes of the base so Japanese pilots knew exactly where to go The attack occurred on Sunday morning December 7 th, Because it was Sunday, most antiaircraft defenses were unmanned.

The 1 st Wave… The 1 st wave enters Pearl Harbor undetected because radar stations believe they are a flight of B-17 bombers due to arrive from California

December 7, :55 a.m. The coordinated attack begins as dive-bombers strike the Army Air Forces’ Wheeler Field and Hickam Field. The Japanese, wanting control of the air, hope to destroy American warplanes on the ground. Most U.S. planes have been parked wingtip-to- wingtip in neat rows to make it easy to guard them against sabotage. Most are destroyed.

As Japanese dive bombers destroy Navy planes, torpedo planes and horizontal bombers head toward “Battleship Row”

“Battleship Row” Outside of Ford Island, Pearl Harbor. Battleships are approx. 1,000ft. Long and weigh 15,000-17,000 tons.

December 7, :10 a.m. An armor-piercing bomb, dropped by a high-altitude bomber, pierces the forward deck of the Arizona, setting off more than a million pounds (450,000 kilograms) of gunpowder, creating a huge fireball, and killing 1,177 men.

The USS Arizona The Arizona was the US battleship that sustained the most damage and had the most casualties during the attack on Pearl Harbor. (1,177 men)

December 7, :54 a.m. Bombers attack the navy yard dry dock and hit the battleship Pennsylvania. Another bomber hits oil tanks between the destroyers Cassin and Downes. Onboard ammunition explodes, and the Cassin rolls off her blocks and into the Downes.

December 7, :54 a.m. Bombs hit the light cruiser Raleigh, which had been torpedoed in the first wave. Crewmen jettison gear to keep her from capsizing.

December 7, :00 a.m. Japanese fighters rendezvous with bombers off Oahu and follow them back to the carriers. Exultant Japanese pilots urge a third strike. If the gasoline tanks at Pearl Harbor are hit, they reason, the Pacific Fleet will be out of action for weeks. But superiors, saying the attack has been successful, rule out a third strike. One reason: the whereabouts of unknown US Carriers.

December 7, :00 p.m. The Pearl Harbor strike force turns for home. In the 44 months of war that will follow, the U.S. Navy will sink every one of the Japanese aircraft carriers, battleships, and cruisers in this strike force. And when Japan signs the surrender document on September 2, 1945, among the U.S. warships in Tokyo Bay will be a victim of the attack, the U.S.S. West Virginia.

Casualties Japan -L-Less then 100 men planes -5-5 midget submarines United States -2-2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded -188 planes -18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)

1. We declared war after both attacks 2. Both attacks were a surprise to the U.S. despite prior warnings 3. Both attacks increased discrimination within our country How is the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor similar to the terrorist attacks of 9/11?