1. “A date which will live in infamy” President F.D.R
December 7, 1941
“A date which will live in infamy”
President F.D.R

2. Attack on Pearl Harbor
On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise air attack on the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.
After just two hours of bombing, more than 2,400 Americans were dead, 21 ships had either been sunk or damaged, and more than 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed.

3. Porque? The Japanese were tired of negotiations with the US
They wanted to continue their expansion within Asia but the US had placed an extremely restrictive embargo on Japan in the hopes of curbing Japan's aggression.
Negotiations to solve their differences hadn't been going well.
Rather than giving in to U.S. demands, the Japanese decided to launch a surprise attack against the US
Wanted to destroy the US’ naval power even before an official announcement of war was given.

4. Japanese Prep Knew they had to use surprise to be successful
Trained for months how to dive bomb, get the torpedoes in the shallow harbor, and how they were going to sneak close to Hawaii
Made it 3000 miles across the Pacific without being seen.

5. December 7th
On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor began.
At 6:00 a.m., the Japanese aircraft carriers began launching their planes amid rough sea.
In total, 183 Japanese aircraft took to the air as part of the first wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
At 7:15 a.m., the Japanese launched 167 additional planes to participate in the second wave of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

6. Continued
The first wave of Japanese planes reached the U.S. Naval Station at Pearl Harbor (located on the south side of Oahu) at 7:55 a.m. on December 7, 1941.
Just before the first bombs dropped on Pearl Harbor, Commander Mitsuo Fuchida, leader of the air attack, called out, "Tora! Tora! Tora!" ("Tiger! Tiger! Tiger!"), a coded message which told the entire Japanese navy that they had caught the Americans totally by surprise.

8. American’s Caught Off-guard
Sunday mornings were a time of leisure for many U.S. military personnel at Pearl Harbor.
Many were either still asleep, in mess halls eating breakfast, or getting ready for church
They were completely unaware that an attack was imminent.
Despite the surprise, many acted quickly.
Within five minutes of the beginning of the attack, several gunners had reached their anti- aircraft guns and were trying to shoot down the Japanese planes and pilots trying to get to their planes at the airfield

9. Battleship Row
The Japanese had been hoping to catch U.S. aircraft carriers at Pearl Harbor, but the aircraft carriers were out to sea
The next major important naval target was the battleships.
There were eight U.S. battleships at Pearl Harbor, seven of which were lined up at what was called Battleship Row

10. The seven U.S. battleships on Battleship Row:
Nevada - Just over a half hour after the Nevada was hit by one torpedo. The Nevada fled and was attacked in the ocean; beaching itself
Arizona - The Arizona was struck a number of times by bombs. One of these bombs, thought to have hit the forward magazine, caused a massive explosion, which quickly sank the ship. Approximately 1,100 of her crew were killed.
Tennessee - The Tennessee was hit by two bombs and was damaged by oil fires after the nearby Arizona exploded. However, it stayed afloat.
West Virginia - The West Virginia was hit by up to nine torpedoes and quickly sank.
Maryland - The Maryland was hit by two bombs but was not heavily damaged.
Oklahoma - The Oklahoma was hit by up to nine torpedoes and then listed so severely that she turned nearly upside down. Rescue efforts were only able to save 32 of her crew.
California - The California was struck by two torpedoes and hit by a bomb. The flooding grew out of control and the California sank three days later.

12. West Virginia
Arizona

13. Attacking the Airfields
Attacking the U.S. aircraft on Oahu was essential to the Japanese attack plan.
They could control the skies above Pearl Harbor.
A counter-attack against the Japanese attack force would be much more unlikely.
A group of Japanese planes broke off and attacked the near by airfields
US planes were lined up in a row-like shooting fish in a barrel.
Japan was extremely successful destroying planes
Few US pilots were able to get in the sky and shoot down a few planes.

15. The Damage Done
In just under two hours, the Japanese had sunk four U.S. battleships (Arizona, California, Oklahoma, and West Virginia). The Nevada was beached and the other three battleships at Pearl Harbor received considerable damage.
Also damaged were three light cruisers, four destroyers, one minelayer, one target ship, and four auxiliaries.
Of the U.S. aircraft, the Japanese managed to destroy 188 and damage an additional 159.
A total of 2,335 servicemen were killed and 1,143 were wounded. Sixty-eight civilians were also killed and 35 were wounded.
Nearly half of the servicemen that were killed were on board the Arizona when it exploded.
All this damage was done by the Japanese, who suffered very few losses themselves -- just 29 aircraft and five midget subs.

16. US Enters WWII
The news of the attack on Pearl Harbor quickly spread throughout the United States.
The public was shocked and outraged.
At 12:30 p.m. on the day following the attack on Pearl Harbor, (December 8th) President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed Congress in which he declared that December 7, was "a date that will live in infamy."
At the end of the speech, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan

17. 5 Fun Facts About the USS Arizona
1. Twenty-three sets of brothers died aboard the USS Arizona. (1 father-son pair killed also)
2. The USS Arizona’s entire band was lost in the attack. (1st time in history)
3. Fuel continues to leak from the USS Arizona’s wreckage. (9 qts a day)
4. Some former crewmembers have chosen the USS Arizona as their final resting place. (30+)
5. A memorial was built at the USS Arizona site, thanks in part to Elvis Presley. ($50,000)

18. USS Arizona Memorial