In your new notebook, write STAND on the 1 st page. Your name should also be on the cover of your notebook! S: Science T: Ms Hilgefort A: Geology Notebook N: Name D: 2 nd 9 weeks If you need to purchase a new notebook, you can buy one for $1

Label next 2 pages “Mineral Warm-Ups” Decide if the following statements are true. If not, correct them. (Take your best guess!) 1. Water and Ice are minerals. 2. Minerals can be found in rocks. 3. Minerals exist as liquid, gas, and solid.

Key TermsNotes Summary:

The material that forms the Earth’s hard surface

A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure

Minerals make-up rocks. They are the building blocks of rocks!

1. S olid 1. Cannot be a liquid or a gas 2. N aturally Occurring 1. Found in nature, not man-made 3. I norganic 1. Is not alive and never was, non-living 4. F ixed composition 1. Has a chemical formula, most are formed from compounds of two or more elements, some minerals consist of one element ex. Au 5. C rystal Form 1. A definite structure in which atoms are arranged

Inorganic: NOT formed from living things or the remains of living things Organic material: Material that comes from living or once-living things

ORGANIC! Fruits are grown on trees and are alive until picked!

ORGANIC. Horses are alive, breathing and active.

INORGANIC. Rocks are not alive and never were!

Formed by natural processes (Is not manufactured). Is glass a mineral? Is a diamond a mineral?

Granite- forms when molten rock cools Talc (used to make baby powder)- forms from high pressure and heat in the earth Halite- forms when water evaporates in hot, shallow parts of the ocean (leaving behind the salt it contained).

Has definite volume and shape. Volume=amount of space an object takes up. Basketball vs. Golf ball Is water a mineral? Is ice a mineral?

Each mineral contains a specific combination (mixture) of atoms of certain elements. Element=A substance that contains (has) one type of atom. Has same chemical make up no matter where you break it..

Atoms are joined in a repeating, 3-D pattern Each mineral has it’s own crystal structure Diamond and graphite have same chemical makeup (carbon) but different crystal structures

Some are visible (you can see crystal structure) Diamonds and quartz Some you need a microscope to see crystals 7 groups of structures named by shapes and angles formed by imaginary lines through the center

Number #1-13. Write the word and classify each picture as “mineral (M)” or “non-mineral (NM).” If non-mineral, write the property that the object does not meet. Example: Plastic- NM- Naturally made/ Sulfur- M

Wood

Gold

Fossil

Topaz

Bones

Granite

Quartz

Pearls

Talc

Icebergs

Diamond

Coal

Rock Salt

Minerals a) Gold (2) b) Topaz (4) c) Quartz (7) d) Talc (9) e) Iceberg* (10) f) Diamonds (11) Non-Minerals a) Wood - Inorganic (1) b) Fossils – Inorganic (3) c) Bone - Inorganic (5) d) Granite – Definite chemical composition (6) e) Pearls – Inorganic (8) f) Coal - Inorganic (12) g) Rock Salt – Definite chemical composition (13) According to IMA – ice is listed as a mineralIMA

A spelunker finds a crystal of a pink substance inside a cave. What 5 properties must this substance meet in order to be considered a mineral? 1. Naturally Occurring 2. Inorganic 3. Solid 4. Definite Chemical Composition 5. Crystal Structure

They are examples of quartz!!

There are over 3000 types of minerals in the Earth’s crust As you could see with the quartz, often times even the same kind of minerals can look very different Therefore, geologists (scientists who study minerals and rocks) often use several different tests to determine type of a mineral they have found!

Key WordInformation/DefinitionMemory Cue/ Picture Color Hardness Moh’s Hardness Scale Luster Streak Cleavage Fracture

Color is one of the least reliable tests because a mineral will not always be the same color. The color of a mineral is often caused by tiny amounts of other elements or compounds inside For example, what people call amethyst is actually just quartz with iron in it!

When a mineral is rubbed against a tile, it will leave behind a powdered streak on the tile (colorless, white, etc.) Sometimes a mineral’s streak does not match the mineral’s external color For example, one way to tell the difference between pyrite (Fool’s gold) and real gold is by streak. Pyrite leaves a greenish-black streak while real gold leaves a yellow streak.

The way a mineral shines (metallic, glassy, chalky, silky, pearly) Metallic - Looks like metal or appears to have metal flakes Glassy or vitreous - Shines like glass Earthy or chalky - Dull; does not reflect much light Waxy, silky, or pearly - Has a muted shine; may resemble shells or pearls Metallic Luster

A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched Minerals can only be scratched by other minerals that have the same hardness or are harder This gray mineral is bring scratched by the clear/white mineral; therefore, the clear/white mineral is harder than the gray mineral

Scale used to rate how hard a mineral is (1=softest-Talc, 10=hardest- Diamond). Fingernail- 2 Steel file-6.5

Minerals that break along smoother flat planes are said to have cleavage.

Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges are said to have fracture

Some minerals have unique properties For example, Iceland spar can create double images Calcite reacts with hydrochloric acid and releases carbon dioxide (bubbles) Fluorescence property- glow when they are exposed to ultraviolet light

Suppose you find a yellow piece of metal in a stream. How could you tell if it is real gold? In the city a street peddler offers to sell you a diamond ring for thirty bucks. How could you test if the rock in the ring is a real diamond?

Mineral Identification Lab Mineral Gizmo

With your table partner, answer the questions on the “Mineral Mystery” lab using the mystery mineral that your teacher gives you. Use the Mineral Key on the back to determine which mineral you are examining to answer #6 and #13.

WordDescription LusterColor of Powder StreakRough, jagged CleavageSmooth, flat FractureShines ColorNot reliable InorganicOrganicSolidLiquidGas ArtificialNatural Made of same elements throughout Made of Rocks Crystal Structure