Marvin Chan, SURF IT Fellow Jesse Angle, Graduate Student Mentor Professor Mecartney, Faculty Mentor
Introduction Oxygen Sensors Problem of Thermal Shock Preparation and Test Methods Results for Additives of SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 to ZrO 2 Theoretical Calculations Experimental Results OOF2: Finite Element Modeling (FEM) Results Conclusion
Oxygen sensors ◦ Made of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) ceramic ◦ Used to determine correct fuel to air ratio in internal combustion engines Problems ◦ Oxygen sensor operates most efficiently at 900°C ◦ System must be heated slowly from ambient to optimal operating temperature fuel is wasted carbon emissions are high
YSZ will fracture if heated or cooled too quickly. The property that measures resistance to fracture upon heating/cooling is called thermal shock resistance. Research Question: How to improve and predict the thermal shock resistance of YSZ?
Sintering Bisque Firing Machining CIP’ing Testing YSZ Silica/ Alumina Milling Drying Sieving Packing into Molds SEM Imaging Polishing
Samples analyzed via: ◦ SEM imaging of Microstructure ◦ Thermal shock quenching and 3-Point bend tests for strength ◦ Compare strength after quenching to unquenched samples
Thermal Shock Parameter (R): Improve thermal shock resistance by: ◦ Increasing fracture strength (σ) ◦ Decreasing Poisson’s ratio (ν) or elastic modulus (E) or thermal expansion coefficient (α) ◦ Idea: Make a composite! Use Rule of Mixtures νE (GPa)α (1/K) k (W/m*K) YSZ E-62 SiO E-61.4 Al 2 O E-635 σ=Strength E=Elastic Modulus α=Thermal Expansion Coefficient ν=Poisson’s Ratio
Grain Size Analysis using ImageJ software YSZ YSZ with 10 vol. % SiO 2 Average Grain Size 2.4 µmAverage Grain Size 9.2 µm Smaller grain size for ceramics usually gives higher strength.
Using ImageJ, we analyzed the grain size for all SEM Images.. Smaller grain sizes should yield higher Flexural Strength Specimen Avg. Grain Size (µm) YSZ9.2 YSZ+10 vol% Al 2 O YSZ+ 20 vol% Al 2 O YSZ+ 10 vol% SiO 2 2.4
YSZ+ 20 vol% Al 2 O 3 YSZ+ 10 vol% SiO 2
Modeling of microstructures Computes stresses, strain, and temperature gradients
YSZ +10 vol. % Al 2 O 3 Altered colors for easier processing and viewing Zirconia—Yellow Alumina—Blue
Microstructure of YSZ + 10 vol% Al 2 O 3 Creation of the Skeleton and FE Mesh
Enter Boundary Conditions and Material Parameters 10 vol. % Al 2 O 3 ; Strain Field Boundary Conditions: *Apply compressive stresses left, right and from below Max Stress Min Stress
YSZ + 20 vol% Al 2 O 3 had the highest Flexural Strength and highest Thermal Shock Resistance YSZ + 10 vol% SiO 2 and YSZ +10 vol% Al 2 O 3 had less than ideal results—led to negligible improvements OOF2 models areas of stress, i.e. compression and tension for thermal shock- continuing work in the fall!
Professor Martha Mecartney, Faculty Mentor Jesse Angle, Graduate Student Mentor Edward Su, Technical Support