Director, F-Squared Laboratories Maryland Ohio North Carolina The EMC Directive 2004/108/EC By Ken DeVore Director, F-Squared Laboratories Maryland Ohio North Carolina 25AUG10kd

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Presentation Outline and Electromagnetic Compatibility • EMC Directive • Brief overview of Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility • EMC Directive • Apparatus and Fixed Installations • Examples of EMC Test Methods What information is needed for a quote

Can Provide for a Successful Evaluation The Choices You Make Now Can Provide for a Successful Evaluation

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Electrical / Electronic equipment malfunctions due to Electromagnetic Disturbances Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) An electrical system or product's ability to operate without causing EMI that would interfere with other equipment (Emissions) and without being affected by EMI from other equipment or the environment (Immunity)

There are 5 basic modes of coupling Methods of Coupling The coupling between systems is a physical phenomena Limits and levels in standards are expressed in terms of these Phenomena There are 5 basic modes of coupling • Electrostatic • Capacitive • Inductive • Conductive • Electric (E) and magnetic (H) radiation fields

Phenomena Defined “any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning”

Electromagnetic Fields Are Everywhere BASIC CONCEPT Electromagnetic Fields Are Everywhere They are NORMAL There are two paths Radiated (Airborne) & Conducted on Wires  

Note – exemptions mean there is redirection for EMC compatibility There are Exemptions Note – exemptions mean there is redirection for EMC compatibility Equipment covered by Directive 1999/5/EC on Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment (R&TTE) Certain Aeronautical products as referred to in EC regulation No1592/2002 Radio equipment used by radio amateurs Benign equipment

2004/108/EC Directive – What Changed? Clarification of scope and some definitions Definition of compliance methods – DoC Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations Requirement for unique product identification Clear treatment of fixed installations and their compliance obligations

The Scope of the New Directive FIXED INSTALATIONS APPARATUS A particular combination of apparatus used permanently at pre-defined locations APPARATUS Any finished product or combination thereof

Fixed Installation shall be installed applying good EMC engineering practices By using good - - - Segregation Shielding Filtering Grounding & Bonding Give Consideration to - - - RF Emissions and Immunity Line Emissions and Immunity and Transients

THIS INCLUDES MOBILE INSTALLATIONS Mobile installations are defined as a combination of apparati intended to be moved and operated in a range of locations are deemed to be apparatus. All provisions of the EMC Directive, as defined for apparatus, apply to mobile installations.

FIXED INSTALLATIONS The strategy is to manage and control EMC to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the Fixed Installation Project. Functional Safety consideration of EMC issues and the impact these may have on the safe operation of the equipment and neighboring environment. Functional Operation consideration The operation of the products and co-located equipment and systems may not be guaranteed by solely complying with EMC regulations or test standards

MEET THE EMC ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS Equipment shall be designed and manufactured to ensure that: That the disturbance generated does not exceed the level above in which radio and telecommunications equipment or other equipment cannot operate as intended……and It has a level of immunity to the disturbances to be expected in its intended use which allows it to operate without unacceptable degradation of its intended use

An EMC Technical Assessment Consists of - - - Description of product Component selection Description of environment Shielding, filtering, cables etc Specific precautions Performance criteria EMC test data and reports Design considerations and Technical Rationales

Develop an EMC Plan for Success • Describe the project including systems and equipment • Define the technical description • What are the project EMC requirements? • What are the project roles and responsibilities • Provide for EMC Testing • EMC Design Studies/PreScan EMC Testing • EMC Maintenance requirements • Don’t forget about your key subcontractors

Perform a Gap Analysis Where you think you are….where you need to be An EMC gap analysis design study will need to be performed to gather the EMC compliance status of equipment in terms of Declarations of Conformity, EN standards and if possible test reports. EMC testing of individual suppliers’ equipment may be required where inadequate EMC performance is identified through the EMC gap analysis.

This is your mind about now…… Lets try to bring this all together to make sense

Typical EMC Test Standards Radiated Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22 Conducted Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22 Harmonic Emissions – EN 61000-3-2 Flicker – EN 61000-3-3 Electrostatic Discharge – EN 61000-4-2 Radiated Immunity – EN 61000-4-3 Electrically Fast Transient Immunity – EN 61000-4-4 Surge Immunity – EN 61000-4-5 Conducted Immunity – EN 61000-4-6 Magnetic Immunity - EN 61000-4-8 Voltage dips/interrupts – EN61000-4-11

Electrical Ports Inputs/Outputs Testing - Guidance

RADIATED EMISSIONS Intentional Radiators are subject to rules (FCC, RTTE, etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrum All other electrical products are non-intentional Radiators, such as electrical circuits, are not designed to generate RF energy, but do. As a result, they could interfere with other devices

Radiated Emissions Verifies that the product's EM emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environment in which the equipment will be installed or utilized

Radiated Emissions Simulation Performed At a Defined Level in V/m

Radiated Emissions at Your Clearance Requirements Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your Location – Clearance Requirements

Radiated Emissions Design Tips Use shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

Conducted Emissions This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system

Conducted Emissions Simulation Signal monitoring Signal Monitoring Device Coming from the device

Conducted Emissions Design Tips Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

Harmonic Emissions Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave. When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated.

Harmonic Emissions Simulation Signal monitoring Signal Monitoring Device Coming from the device

Harmonics Emissions Design Tips Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal

Flicker Emissions The term “flicker” applies to uncontrolled intermittent Emissions. It is also known as surge emission. ie: light flicker

Flicker Emission Simulation Current monitoring Current Monitoring Device Coming from the device

Flicker Emissions Design Tips Use pre-approved power supplies

 ESD Immunity Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation. These are applied either by air and by contact

     ESD Immunity Simulation Electro-static discharge Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use                                       Electro-static discharge    

ESD Immunity Design Tips Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Make sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure, consider conductive coatings or another sort of shielding With keyboards consider using a “back-plane” ground sheet

Radiated Immunity Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies

Radiated Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use

Radiated Immunity Design Tips Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

(Electrical Fast Transients) EFT (Electrical Fast Transients) Immunity EFT is a test process to demonstrate the equipment’s resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce

EFT Immunity Simulation Signal injection Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use Signal injection Controlled Signal Source

EFT Immunity Design Tips Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs

Surge Immunity This tests the equipment’s level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients

   Surge Immunity Simulation Pulse injection Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use Pulse injection   Controlled Pulse Source 

Surge Immunity Design Tips Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed

Conducted Immunity Evaluates the product’s ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors

Conducted Immunity Simulation Signal injection Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use Signal injection Controlled Signal Source

Conducted Immunity Design Tips Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there I/O line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter

Magnetic Field Immunity Evaluates the product’s ability to resist Magnetic Fields that may be present In the product’s installation

Magnetic Field Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use EM Field Exposure Controlled Signal Source

Magnetic Field Immunity Design Tips Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

Voltage Dips & Interrupts Immunity Simulates voltage variations, and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power. This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage

Voltage Dips/interrupts Immunity Simulation Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your device within the application of use Voltage injection Controlled Voltage Source

Voltage Dips/interrupts Immunity Design Tips Use pre-approved power supplies

Have you Noticed Commonality in EMC Design Tips? Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies

define additional requirements You may find the need to define additional requirements that could include: Addressing special cases unique to the environment • Addressing limitations with the standards • Ensuring installed systems and not just the individual equipment are EMC compliant EMC must also be maintained during installation and maintenance

DOC Annex IV of the EMC Directive The EC declaration of conformity must contain: A reference to the applicable directive Identification to the apparatus Name and address of manufacturer and authorized Community representative if applicable Dated reference to the specifications to which conformity is declared Date of the declaration Identity and signature of person empowered to bind the company

What are the Basics For an RFQ? Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram Courtesy Power Outlet 220VAC 120psi air input 220VAC/50Hz/5A I/O out to Actuator (15m) Device Or System For Evaluation I/O in from PC (3m) 48VDC Motor Power (10m) List all electrical inputs & outputs and identify if they are power or I/O Provide the maximum lengths for each input & output cable Identify any fluid, gas or air requirements and pressures

For a Copy of Today’s Presentation Ken DeVore kdevore@f2labs.com 704-918-4609 or 440-832-0775 Thank You! For a Copy of Today’s Presentation Go to www.f2labs.com