Money and Financial Institutions Chapter 12 Money and Financial Institutions pp. 174-189

Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to: Describe the functions and characteristics of money. Explain the services that banks offer. continued

Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you’ll be able to: Name the types of banks. Identify the functions of the Federal Reserve System.

Why It’s Important Understanding the way money and financial institutions work is crucial to understanding the economy.

Key Words monetary system money financial institution bank account deposit withdrawal interest continued

Key Words electronic funds transfer (EFT) collateral mortgage safety-deposit box Federal Reserve System

The History of Money In the monetary system goods and services are indirectly exchanged using money, which can then be exchanged for other goods and services.

The History of Money Money can be anything that people accept as a standard for payment.

The History of Money In other times and places people have used shells, stones, corn, parrot feathers, and even gopher tails for money.

WOULD THESE ITEMS BE ACCEPTABLE AS MONEY? Figure 12.1 WOULD THESE ITEMS BE ACCEPTABLE AS MONEY? Imagine what business would be like without money. If you worked in a fast-food restaurant, it might pay you in food. Bartering is exchanging one product for another. American Colonialists engaged in this way of doing business. Explain why or why not these items could serve as money. Recreate this table and check the appropriate box(es) for each that applies.

Functions of Money The three basic functions of money are: It is a medium of exchange It is a standard of value It is a store of value

Characteristics of Money For money to carry out its functions, it must have several characteristics. Money must be: Stable in value Scarce Accepted continued

Characteristics of Money Money must be: Divisible into parts Portable and durable

Functions and Characteristics of Money Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer Functions and Characteristics of Money FUNCTIONS CHARACTERISTICS Stable Scarce Accepted Divisible Portable Durable Medium of exchange Standard of value Store of value

What is the monetary system? How is money a standard of value? Fast Review What is the monetary system? How is money a standard of value? continued

What are some of the characteristics money must have to be useful? Fast Review What are some of the characteristics money must have to be useful?

Banking The banking system is the main type of financial institution, or organization for managing money, in our economy.

Storing Money A bank account is a record of how much money a customer has put into or taken out of a bank.

Storing Money The money put in a bank is called a deposit. The money taken out of a bank is called a withdrawal.

Storing Money Checking accounts are used for storing money in the short term so you can draw on it easily if you want to go shopping or pay a bill.

Storing Money Savings accounts are used for storing money over a long period of time.

Storing Money Interest is a rate the bank pays you for keeping your money there. If a bank pays you 5 percent interest per year on a $1,000 savings account, you’ll have earned $50 after one year.

Business Building Blocks Understanding Interest Simple interest, compounded annually, is a percentage of the amount borrowed. The amount borrowed is called the principal. Compound interest may be compounded daily, monthly, or yearly. continued

Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest Simple interest. You borrow $1,000 for 3 years at a rate of 10 percent per year. Here’s how to find out the amount you owe at the end of three years: continued

Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest Step 1. Convert the interest rate percent to its decimal equivalent. (10% = 10/100 = .10) continued

Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest Step 2. Use this formula: interest = principal x interest rate x time continued

Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest Decimal Interest Rate x Principal x Time = Interest $1,000 x x = .10 3 $300 continued

Business Building Blocks How to Compute Interest At the end of 3 years, the cost of the loan would be $300. Since you also must pay back the principal, you owe the lender $1,300.

Transferring Money Banks make it easy to transfer money from one person or business to another.

Transferring Money Today more banks are using electronic funds transfer (EFT) to move money around. With EFT, money is transferred from one account to another through a network of computers.

Lending Money The money you deposit in a bank makes it possible for the bank to lend money to other customers.

Lending Money Most bank loans require some form of collateral. Collateral is something valuable you put up for a loan.

Lending Money The four main types of loans that banks offer are: A mortgage loan A commercial loan An individual loan A line of credit continued

Lending Money A mortgage is a deed to give the property to the lender if the loan is not paid back.

Making an Ethical Decision What are the most important financial issues that people should consider when buying a home? What are the advantages of living in neighborhoods that are economically mixed?

Other Financial Services Many banks provide financial advice on managing and investing your money. You can also store valuable items, such as jewelry and certificates, in safety-deposit boxes.

Other Financial Services Many banks offer credit cards. Banks also manage trust funds, such as an inheritance.

Banks are businesses that provide financial services to make a profit. Figure 12.2 HOW BANKS DO BUSINESS Banks are businesses that provide financial services to make a profit. What would happen to a bank’s profits if deposits suddenly decreased?

What are the three main functions of a bank? Fast Review What are the three main functions of a bank? How does an EFT work? continued

What are the types of loans a bank offers? Fast Review What are the types of loans a bank offers?

Commercial Banks Commercial banks offer a full range of services such as checking and savings accounts, loans, and financial advice. They are often called full-service banks.

Commercial Banks To make a profit, commercial banks usually charge much more interest on the money they lend than the interest they pay on savings accounts.

Savings and Loan Associations Savings and loan associations were originally set up to offer savings accounts and home mortgage loans.

Savings and Loan Associations The purpose of the savings and loan associations was to encourage people to save money and make it easier to buy a home or start a business.

Savings and Loan Associations Savings and loan associations charged lower interest on loans and paid higher interest on savings. In the 1980s about 20 percent of savings and loans failed.

Savings and Loan Associations The government passed new regulations allowing savings and loan associations to charge higher interest rates and offer more services like credit cards.

Credit Unions Credit unions are nonprofit banks set up by organizations for their members to use.

Credit Unions Credit unions offer members a full range of services, including credit cards, checking accounts, and loans.

Credit Unions Credit unions offer low-interest loans and pay high interest rates on savings accounts.

Other Financial Institutions Mortgage companies provide loans specifically for buying a home or business. Finance companies offer short-term loans to businesses.

Other Financial Institutions Insurance companies not only provide protection against things like fire and theft, but also offer loans to businesses.

Other Financial Institutions Brokerage firms that sell stocks and bonds may also offer a wide range of financial services to its customers.

What are the types of banks? Fast Review What are the types of banks? How is a credit union different from a commercial bank? continued

Fast Review Name some financial institutions other than banks that offer similar services.

The Federal Reserve System The Federal Reserve System (or Fed) is the central banking organization in the United States.

The Federal Reserve System Congress set up the Fed in 1913 to end the periodic financial panics that occurred during the 1800s and early 1900s.

The Federal Reserve System The Fed consists of 12 Federal Reserve district banks, 25 branch banks, and about 5,000 member banks.

Functions of the Fed The six functions of the Fed are: Clearing checks Acting as the federal government’s fiscal agent Supervising member banks continued

Functions of the Fed Regulating the money supply Setting reserve requirements Supplying paper currency

Name the six functions of the Fed. Fast Review What is the Fed? Name the six functions of the Fed.

How does the Fed create money? continued

With a 20 percent reserve requirement, if a bank lends out $1,000 how much money must it hold in reserve? continued

A bank must keep in its reserve 20 percent of a new deposit A bank must keep in its reserve 20 percent of a new deposit. How much money does the bank need to keep if it lends you $800? continued

How does the money supply at a bank expand?

Money and Financial Institutions End of Chapter 12 Money and Financial Institutions pp. 174-189