Installing and Upgrading Windows Chapter 14 1

Overview In this chapter, you will learn how to Identify and implement pre-installation tasks Install and upgrade Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 Troubleshoot installation problems Identify and implement post-installation tasks 2

Installing and Upgrading Accomplished in three main steps Step one: Prepare for installation Step two: Install Step three: Perform post-installation tasks

Preparing for Installation or Upgrade Identify hardware requirements Verify hardware and software compatibility Decide: Clean install or upgrade? Back up data Select an installation method Identify partition and file systems to use Determine computer’s network role Decide on language and locale settings Plan for post-installation tasks Note: This nine-step process was once part of the CompTIA A+ exam objectives. Starting with the 220-801 and 220-802 exams, CompTIA has dropped this process from the exams. However, the nine steps are practical, clear, and easy to remember. They are an excellent mental checklist to use every time you install Windows. 4

Identify Hardware Requirements Core Resources CPU RAM Free hard disk space Miscellaneous Video adapter Display Storage devices 5

Verify Compatibility Verify hardware and software compatibility Windows Logo’d Product List (previously known as HCL) Tested and verified to work with your OS Products not listed may also be supported

Verify Compatibility (continued) Several sources for hardware compatibility information: The Setup Wizard that runs during the installation does a quick check of your hardware. A free utility (usually called Upgrade Advisor) can be run on a system to see if the hardware and software will work with a newer version of Windows. Microsoft provides Web sites where you can search by model number of hardware or by a software version to see if it is compatible with Windows— they evolved from the HCL text file to the Windows Logo’d Product list to the current Windows 7 Compatibility Center.

Verify Compatibility (continued) Several sources for hardware compatibility information (continued): The manufacturer of the device or software will usually provide some form of information either on the product box or on their Web site concerning Windows compatibility.

Verify Compatibility (continued) Figure 1: Upgrade Advisor

Verify Compatibility (continued) Figure 2: Windows Compatibility Center

Verify Compatibility (continued) Figure 3: Untested device in Windows XP

Clean Install or Upgrade Usually done on an empty hard disk or one on which you’re completely replacing an existing installation All applications must be installed (or reinstalled) Upgrade New OS installs on top of the old one Many previous settings and capabilities retained Applications don’t need to be reinstalled Microsoft uses the term in-place upgrade to define an upgrade installation Note: Before starting an OS upgrade, make sure you have shut down all other open applications! 12

Clean Install or Upgrade (continued) Multiboot Doing a clean install side-by-side with another OS. Enables you to boot to more than one OS. Windows XP can be installed in a separate folder from an existing older copy of Windows, enabling you to put two operating systems on the same partition. Neither Windows Vista nor Windows 7 allows you define the install folder, so multibooting using Windows Vista or 7 requires you to put each installation on a different partition. 13

Clean Install or Upgrade (continued) Multiboot (continued) Windows Vista and Windows 7 enable you to shrink the C: partition, so if you want to dual-boot but have only a single drive, use Disk Management to shrink the volume and create another partition in the newly unallocated space. Install another copy of Windows to the new partition. 14

Other Installation Methods Not only CD-ROM - also DVD, USB, or special CD-ROMS Can be installed over the network (called a remote network installation) An unattended installation is done when scripts are included to configure the installation without any user intervention. Can use imaging using tools such as Norton Ghost, PowerQuest’s Drive Image, or Acronis’s True Image—often used when you have a lot of computers with identical hardware.

Other Installation Methods (continued) Remote Installation Services (RIS, proprietary to Microsoft) was implemented with Windows 2000, but it was replaced by Windows Deployment Services (WDS) in Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2.

Determine How to Back Up Data If data saved to central server, skip this step If data exists on local drive, back it up Back up to network server, DVD, USB, hard drive, etc. Will need to restore data from this location after upgrade or reinstall 17

Select an Installation Method Two basic choices Optical disc (CompTIA A+ focus) Boot from CD or DVD and start installation Over the network More for CompTIA Network+ techs and network administrators 18

Determine Partition and File System Create when drive first created (or use third-party tools to repartition) If multiboot, use one partition for each OS File system Use NTFS whenever possible—security features are valuable Most multiboot systems and OSs support NTFS, so FAT or FAT32 should not be necessary 19

Network Role Determine your computer’s network role Standalone (in a single-member workgroup) Workgroup (also known as peer-to-peer network) Domain (central domain controller exists) Windows 7 can also belong to a homegroup in a home network environment

Language, Locale, and Post-Installation Tasks Decide on your computer’s language and locale settings. Plan for post-installation tasks (for instance, do you need Internet access for patching or accessing backed-up data?). Install service packs, hotfixes, etc. Update drivers. Reconfigure settings such as network settings. Install applications.

The Installation and Upgrade Process

Installing or Upgrading to Windows XP Professional Upgrade paths Can upgrade from Windows 98 , Me, NT 4.0 (service pack 5 and up), Windows 2000 Pro, and XP Home

Installing or Upgrading to Windows XP Professional (continued) Component Minimum for a Windows XP Computer Recommended for a Windows XP Computer CPU Any Intel or AMD 233 MHz or higher processor Any Intel or AMD 300 MHz or higher processor Memory 64 MB of RAM (though Microsoft admits XP will be somewhat crippled with only this amount) 512 MB of RAM or higher Hard disk 1.5 GB of available hard drive space 4 GB of available hard drive space Network None Modern network card Display Video card that supports SVGA with at least 800 × 600 resolution Video card that supports DirectX with at least 1024 × 768 resolution Optical drive Any CD- or DVD-media drive Table 1: Windows XP Hardware Requirements 24

Hardware and Software Compatibility with XP Upgrade Advisor First process that runs from setup.exe Provides list of devices and software known to have issues with XP Can be run by itself From Microsoft’s Web site Or winnt32 /checkupgradeonly On the installation CD or can be downloaded for free 25

Windows XP Installation Bootable CD-ROM boots into Setup May need to set boot order in BIOS Registration—optional Activation (Microsoft Product Activation or MPA) Mandatory within 30 days Antipiracy mechanism System disabled after 30 days if not activated Via Internet or phone 26

Activation Figure 4: Activation takes just seconds with an Internet connection.

Windows Vista Installation Upgrade paths to Vista are complicated Windows 2000 to Vista requires clean installation Variables Version of XP (Professional, 32-bit, etc.) Version of Vista Must start the upgrade process from within the older operating system

Windows Vista Installation (continued)   Vista Home Basic Vista Home Premium Vista Business Vista Ultimate XP Professional Clean Install Upgrade Install XP Home XP Media Center XP Tablet PC XP Professional x64 Table 2: Vista’s Labyrinthine Upgrade Paths

Windows Vista Installation (continued) Component Minimum for a Windows Vista Computer Recommended for a Windows Vista Computer CPU 1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor Any dual-core Intel or AMD processor or better Memory 512 MB of RAM for Vista Home Basic (for all other editions, 1 GB of RAM) 2 GB of RAM or higher Hard disk 20-GB hard drive with 15 GB of available hard drive space for Vista Home Basic (for all other editions, 40 GB hard drive with 15 GB of free space) 100-GB hard drive or greater Network Modern network card with Internet access Display Support for DirectX 9 graphics and 32 MB of graphics memory for Vista Home Basic (for all other editions, 128 MB of graphics memory, plus pixel shader 2.0 support, the WDDM driver, and 32 bits per pixel) DirectX 10 capable graphics card with at least 512 MB of graphics memory Optical drive Any DVD-media drive Note that RAM sizes for display indicate dedicated graphics memory, not shared memory, on recommended specs. Also can go to Windows Vista Compatibility Center to verify equipment and check hardware and software compatibility. Table 3: Windows Vista Hardware Requirements

Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7 The upgrade path to Windows 7 is available only from Windows Vista. Must be 32-bit to 32-bit or 64-bit to 64-bit All XP editions require a clean installation to upgrade to 7. Upgrading to a higher edition with more features can be done with the built-in Windows Anytime Upgrade feature.

Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7 (continued) Existing OS Can Upgrade To… Can Clean Install To… 32-bit Vista (any edition) 32-bit Windows 7 only Any edition of Windows 7 64-bit Vista (any edition) 64-bit Windows 7 only Any pre-Vista Windows Not allowed Table 4: Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7

Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7 (continued) Hardware Requirements for Windows 7 With Windows 7, Microsoft released a single list of system requirements, broken down into 32-bit and 64-bit editions: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit) 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit) DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver

Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7 (continued) Additional requirements for some games and performance options may require additional or higher-level hardware: Aero desktop requires a video card with 128 MB of graphics memory. Some games and programs may require a DirectX 10-compatible graphics card (most newer graphics cards are compatible with DirectX 10). Homegroup requires a network and PCs running Windows 7. Windows XP Mode requires an additional 1 GB of RAM and an additional 15 GB of available hard disk space.

Installing or Upgrading to Windows 7 (continued) Additional requirements (continued): The 32-bit editions of Windows 7 can handle up to 32 processor cores, and the 64-bit editions of Windows 7 support up to 256 processor cores. Windows 7 Professional, Ultimate, and Enterprise can handle two physical CPUs, but Windows 7 Starter and Home Premium support only one physical CPU.

For Upgrades, Follow These Pre-Upgrade Steps Remember to check hardware and software compatibility. Back up data and configuration files. Perform “spring cleaning.” Perform disk scan (error checking) and defragmentation. Uncompress all files, folders, and partitions. Perform virus scan and disable or remove virus-checking software. Disable CMOS virus checking. Be prepared to do clean install. 36

Windows XP Clean Install Start by booting to CD-ROM Text mode Can partition drive in this mode Choose file system (usually NTFS) A “clean install” can be a multiboot setup. 37

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 5: Windows Setup text screen

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 6: Welcome text screen

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 7: Partitioning text screen

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 8: Choosing NTFS

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Graphical mode Enter product key. Enter computer name and administrator password. Choose network settings. Wait for completion.

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 9: Beginning of graphical mode

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 10: Product key

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 11: Computer name and administrator password

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 12: Selecting typical network settings

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 13: The Big Copy

Windows XP Clean Install (continued) Figure 14: Windows XP desktop with Bliss background

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process Fully graphical installation process—both Vista and 7’s installation processes are virtually identical. Insert the Vista/7 DVD and reboot the computer to the DVD. Note that both Vista and 7’s installation processes are virtually identical!

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 15: Windows 7 and Vista splash screens

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 16: Windows Vista language settings screen

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 17: The Windows Vista setup Welcome screen

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) The product key Comes early in Vista, much later in the process for 7. All editions of Vista or 7 come on their respective discs. Product key not only verifies the legitimacy of purchase; it also tells the installer which edition you purchased. With Vista, leaving the product key blank allows you to install a trial (30-day) version of any edition. With 7, leaving the product key blank enables you to install a trial version of only the edition named on the box or disc label. Note that both Vista and 7’s installation processes are virtually identical!

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 18: The Windows Vista product key screen

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 19: Choose the edition of Vista you want to install

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Agree to the EULA. If you’re installing over a copy of another OS, you can get the option to install an upgrade copy. Most likely, you’ll get the Custom option and your option will be to install a new copy. Partitioning screen. Press F6 to load drivers for the hard drive controller if necessary. Big copy phase

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 20: The Vista EULA

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 21: Choose your installation type

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 22: The partitioning screen

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 23: Browse for drivers

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Customization options for user name, password, profile picture, and so on Windows 7 asks for the product key at this stage of the process. Automatic Update settings Setting the time zone Network security level Note that both Vista and 7’s installation processes are virtually identical!

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 24: Choose a user picture

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 25: Choose your computer name

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 26: The automatic updates screen

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 27: Vista pities the fool who doesn’t know what time it is.

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 28: Tell Windows what kind of network you’re on.

Windows Vista/7 Clean Installation Process (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 29: Aw, shucks, Microsoft Windows Vista. Don’t mention it.

Lab – Installing Vista Insert Vista DVD. Reboot the computer. Boot to the installation DVD. You might need to make changes in CMOS to boot to the optical drive first. Follow the setup wizard. Do not put in a product key. Install Windows Vista Ultimate. Insert a user name. Skip the performance test.

Automating the Install Scripting Windows XP installations with Setup Manager (download from Microsoft or locate on installation disc in the \Support\Tools folder) Allows creation of text files (called answer files) used for unattended installations Can be created for many different types of operating systems Can be fully automated or partially automated

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 30: Extracting Setup Manager from the DEPLOY cabinet file

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 31: Setup Manager can create answer files for three types of setups.

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 32: Setup Manager can create answer files for five versions of Windows.

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 33: Setup Manager can create several kinds of answer files.

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 34: Choose where to store the installation files.

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 35: Don’t forget to accept the license agreement.

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 36: Enter the product key.

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 37: Running additional commands

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 38: Running a program once

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 39: Pick your computer names.

Automating the Install (continued) Automated Installation Kit (AIK) in Windows Vista and Windows 7 Very complicated tool that replaces Setup Manager Can create a Master Installation and answer files by using a tool called the Windows System Image Manager for rolling out Vista/7 onto one or many machines Used most commonly for new rollouts over a network

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 40: The Automated Installation Kit

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 41: The list of components in the Image Monitor

Automating the Install (continued) Disk cloning Exact copy of drive with fully installed and configured OS Works great with standardized systems Sysprep Sysprep sanitizes many unique settings on a computer Can help create an automated installation that requires select user input Norton Ghost is a good third-party tool that works better for creating images than the Microsoft tools, but there are many other good third-party tools available. 83

Automating the Install (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 42: Sysprep, the System Preparation Tool

Installing Windows over a Network Network installation is ideal for deploying Windows to multiple workstations across a network without having to visit each PC individually. Installation image is hosted on a network server that all clients can contact. Windows Server 2003 uses Remote Installation Services (RIS). Windows Server 2008 and 2008 R2 use Windows Deployment Services (WDS).

Installing Windows over a Network (continued) Clients will need to use the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE). PXE uses multiple protocols such as DHCP so your computer can boot from a network location. PXE is enabled in the BIOS System Setup, and the boot order must specify PXE/Network boot. Not every NIC supports PXE—you may have to create boot media so your PC can boot from a network location. Multiple installation images may be installed on server requiring you to choose from them in a menu. If there is only one image, you’ll see the Windows installation screen begin

Installing Windows over a Network (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 43: Network boot

Troubleshooting Installation Problems 88

Text Mode Errors RAID Array Not Detected Get the driver disc from the manufacturer and run setup again. Press F6 when prompted very early in the Windows XP installation process. No boot device present when booting off the startup disk Replace startup disc. Set CMOS to boot off of CD.

Text Mode Errors (continued) Windows Setup requires xxxx amount of available drive space Verify C: is formatted and accessible. Verify enough space is available for OS Not ready error on optical drive May be able to wait for drive to catch up: press R. May need new disc or faster drive. A stop error (Blue Screen of Death) after reboot at the end of text mode Usually points to hardware incompatibility.

Graphical Mode Errors Hardware detection errors Can’t read CAB files Could be hardware incompatibility If noncritical hardware, find and install correct drivers Can’t read CAB files Check the CD-ROM for scratches. Try copying i386 files onto hard drive. Replace the optical disc. 91

Lockups During Install Unplug it Unplug system and restart Will automatically start where it left off Optical drive, hard drive Try another disc or another CD-ROM drive Log files—track progress of install Setuplog.txt Setupapi.log 92

Lockups During Install (continued) SETUPLOG.TXT Tracks the complete installation process. Logs success or failures of file copying, registry updates, reboots, etc. SETUPAPI.LOG Tracks the hardware installed. Uses PnP codes, so not very easy to read.

Lockups During Install (continued) Windows Vista and Windows 7 create about 20 log files each, organized by the phase of the installation. Each phase creates a setuperr.log file to track any errors during that phase of the installation

Post-Installation Tasks Apply fixes for the OS Patches fix specific problems Service packs are collections of patches Upgrade drivers Restore user data files Windows Backup (Windows 2000/XP) Backup and Restore Center (Windows Vista/7) Copy files and folders manually Migrate data and retire the old computer

Migrating and Retiring Files and Settings Transfer Wizard (FSTW) for Windows XP Run the utility on new computer Create the Wizard Disk Run the Wizard Disk on old computer Can select files and folders to migrate Doesn’t do program files, just data Transfer files via network or removable media Migrating moves data off drives to new drives, allowing you to recycle the old drive.

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 44: The Files and Settings Transfer Wizard’s initial screen

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 45: Is this the new computer or your old one?

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 46: Creating a Wizard Disk

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 47: Where are the files and settings?

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 48: How will you transfer the files?

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 49: The files and settings you’re going to transfer

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 50: Customizing the transfer

Migrating and Retiring (continued) User State Migration Tool (USMT) Functions similarly to the FSTW Requires a Windows domain More of a business or enterprise tool Useful for migrating many users

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Windows Easy Transfer Upgraded FSTW for Windows Vista/7 Functions similarly to the FSTW Adds security for network transfer Can use a special Easy Transfer cable to migrate via USB

Migrating and Retiring (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 51: Start a new transfer or continue one?

Migration Practices What do you do with the old drive? Follow these principles Migrate in a secure environment Remove data remnants from drive Recycle old equipment; don’t trash it

Migration Practices (continued) Migrate in a secure environment Until passwords protect the new system, don’t bring it online. Don’t walk away from the migration if in a nonsecure space.

Data Destruction Data Destruction When recycling/disposing of an older PC, it must be sanitized of data. Even data in the recycle bin remains on your storage device until new data overwrites it—that data can be recovered by others. Completely sanitize a drive by physically destroying it or using a software utility that “wipes” the drive with patterns of ones or zeros. Low-level formatting writes zeros to every location on the disk. Data sanitizing utilities “wipe” free space on an in- use drive, erasing deleted files.

Data Destruction (continued) Figure 25: Choose your computer name. Figure 52: Piriform’s CCleaner showing files to be removed

Recycle Recycle Clear computer of any data. Don’t throw away in regular garbage—computers contain hazardous materials. Take to a proper recycling facility. OR Donate to an organization that refurbishes and uses older PCs in schools, etc.