8/6/2002 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specilaist Conference JPL Caltech Lunar Orbit Lunar Sample Return via the Interplanetary Supherhighway EL 1 Moon Earth Moon LL 2 Lander Separation Lander Orbiter EL 2 Lander Return LL 2 Stable Manifold Insertion Lander Return

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 2 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Agenda Lunar Sample Return Mission Overview Baseline Mission Scenario –Lunar L 2 Case (LL 2 ) Mission Performance Comparison

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 3 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Mission Overview Goal: Collect and Return Lunar Samples to Earth –Aitken Basin on Backside of Moon, (180°, -57°) Launch Combo, the Combined Flight System Communications Orbiter –Desire Continuous Communications Coverage Between Earth and Lander Module Lander/Return Module –Sample Collection in Sun, ~2 Weeks Available –Return to Earth (non-specific target)

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 4 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Key Results Metric: Total  V of –Combo –Lander/Return Module –Communications Orbiter Trade Time for Total  V Best Case 1446 m/s Less than Conic Case Baseline 1020 m/s Less than Conic Case Case  T (days) Total  V (m/s) -Conic  V (m/s) LL LL EL Conic

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 5 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 6 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Key Concepts Used in the Paper Lunar L2 Halo Link Earth to Lunar Backside –Colombo (L1) –Farquhar: Halo Orbits Dynamical Systems Theory –Poincaré, Connelly, McGehee –Gomez, Jorba, Llibre, Martinez, Masdemont, Simó Hiten-Like Transfers –Belbruno, Miller –Lo, Ross –Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross Heteroclinic Connection Theory –Barden, Howell –Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 7 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL JPL LTool Team  Martin LoSection 312  Task Manager  Larry RomansSection 335  Cognizant S/W Engineer (Marthematica Developer)  George HockneySection 367  S/W Architecture & Sys Engineer  Brian BardenSection 312  Trajectory Design & Algorithms  Min-Kun ChungSection 312  Astrodynamics Tools  James EvansSection 368  Infrastructure S/W, Visualization Tools

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 8 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Case LL 2 : 1020 m/s Cheaper Than Conic LL1 LL2 MoonEarth EL2 EL1 Case  T (day) Total  V (m/s) LL LL EL Conic BASELINE CASE

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 9 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Case LL 1 : 943 m/s Cheaper Than Conic Case  T (day) Total  V (m/s) LL LL EL Conic LL1 LL2 MoonEarth EL2 EL1

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 10 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Case EL 1 : 1446 m/s Cheaper Than Conic Case  T (day) Total  V (m/s) LL LL EL Conic LL1 LL2 MoonEarth EL2 EL1

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 11 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Direct Transfer to LL 2 Lissajous Orbit Lunar Transfer LL 2 Lissajous Orbit Lunar Landing Lander Return EL 1 Earth Moon EL 2 Lander Return

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 12 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Trans-Lunar Phase Trans-Lunar Injection 3122 m/s at 6/14/09 Earth 6/14/90 Lander Return LL 1 LL 2 Moon LL 2 Insertion 570 m/s at 6/18/09 Lander Return Earth 11/7/90

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 13 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Stable Manifold Insertion LL 1 LL 2 Moon Trans-Lunar Orbit Lander Return Lander Orbit Orbiter Lander LL 2 Departure: 35 m/s at 7/7/09 Lander Touchdown: 2335 m/s at 7/17/09 Lander Return: 2424 m/s at 7/28/09 LL 2 Case: Lunar Phase

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 14 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Earth Moon Rotating Frame EL 1 Earth Moon EL 2 Lander Return

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 15 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Lander Return Earth Orbiter LL 2 LL 1 LL 2 Case: EME2000 Inertial Frame

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 16 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Lander Return Earth Orbiter EL 2 LL 2 LL 1 LL 2 Case: Sun-Earth Rotating Frame

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 17 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 2 Case: Mission Sequence &  V’s Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Translunar Injection6/ Manifold Insertion 6/ LL 2 Halo Arrival 6/2511 Lander LL 2 Departure 7/72335 Lander Landing 7/ Lander Liftoff 7/ Earth Return 11/7146 Navigation  V Total

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 18 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Moon LL 1 LL 2 Heteroclinic Connection LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL 1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL 1 Moon LL 1 Lander Departs for Moon: 95 m/s Landing: 2330 m/s 8.5 days later

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 19 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL LL 1 Case: Mission Sequence &  V’s Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Translunar Injection6/ LL 1 Halo Insertion 6/ Orbiter LL 1 Departure 6/ Orbiter LL 2 Arrival 7/7280 Lander LL 1 Departure 7/ Lander Landing 7/ Lander Liftoff 7/ Earth Return 11/7151 Navigation  V Total LL 2 Case

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 20 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL EL 2 EL 1 Case: LL 2 via Earth L 1 EL 1 EL 1 LOI 60 m/s LL 1 LOI 13.2 m/s Reduce LL 2 LOI  V: Launch to EL 1 Fall to LL 2 Once There, Follows LL 2 Case Earth Launch 3193 m/s FAIR/DART Trajctory

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 21 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL EL 1 Case: Mission Sequence &  V’s Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Earth Launch5/30/ EL 1 Insertion 8/29/ LL 2 Halo Arrival 6/ Lander LL 2 Departure 7/ Lander Landing 7/ Lander Liftoff 7/ Earth Return 11/7553 Navigation  V Total Reduction by Order of Magnotide LL 2 Case

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 22 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Conic Trans-Lunar Orbit Lander in 100-km Lunar Parking Orbit Orbiter in Highly Elliptical Orbit – 100x8700 km, 12 hr Period Conic Case (S. Williams, JPL)

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 23 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Mission Sequence Date (2009)  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Translunar Injection7/ Separation 7/171 Lunar Orbit Insertion 7/ Lander Apoapsis Burn 7/ Lander Landing 7/ Lander Liftoff 8/ Earth Return 8/823 Navigation  V Total Conic Case (S. Williams, JPL)

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 24 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Libration Point Mission Lowers  V Saves Up to 1446 m/s! Provides Continuous Communication Trade  V for Time Case  T (days) Combo  V (m/s) Lander  V (m/s) Orbiter  V (m/s) Total  V (m/s) -Conic  V (m/s) LL LL EL Conic

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 25 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL END

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 26 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Earth Moon LL 1 Lissajous Orbit LL 1 Stable Manifold LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL1

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 27 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Moon LL 1 LL 2 Heteroclinic Connection LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL1

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 28 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Moon LL 1 Lander Departs for Moon: 95 m/s Landing: 2330 m/s 8.5 days later LL 1 Case: LL 2 via LL 1 Insert into LL1 Stable Manifold Heteroclinic Connection for Comm. Orbiter Lunar Landing from LL1

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 29 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Interplanetary Superhighway in the Earth’s Neighborhood Collection of Invariant Manifolds of Quasiperiodic Orbits in the Solar System –Coupled Three Body Systems EARTH EARTH L 2 HALO ORBIT MOON LUNAR L 1 HALO ORBIT LUNAR L 2 HALO ORBIT LUNAR L 1 GATEWAY

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 30 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL Mission Design with LTool Lissajous Orbits and Manifold Trans-Lunar Trajectory Lander Sample Collection in Sun Lander Insertion Trajectory Heteroclinic Connection from LL 1 to LL 2 Interplanetary Connection from EL 1 to LL 2 Lander Return Trajectory

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 31 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL References Barden, Howell, Formation Flying in the Vicinity of Libration Point Orbits, AAS , Monterey, CA, 2/98 Barden, Howell, Dynamical Issues Associated with Relative Configurations of Multiple Spacecraft Near the Sun-Earth/Moon L1 Point, AAS , Girdwood, Alaska, 8/99 Gomez, Masdemon, Simo, Lissajous Orbits Around Halo Orbits, AAS , Huntsville, Alabama, 2/97 Howell, Barden, Lo, Applications of Dynamical Systems Theory to Trajectory Design for a Libration Point Mission, JAS 45(2), April 1997, Howell, Marchand, Lo, The Temporary Capture of Short-Period Jupiter Family Comets from the Perspective of Dynamical Systems, AAS , Clearwater, FL, 1/2000 Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross, Heteroclinic Connections between Lyapunov Orbits and Resonance Transitions in Celestial Mechanics, to appear in Chaos

Lunar Sample Return Mission MWL - 32 Martin Lo, Min-Kun Chung JPL References Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross, The Genesis Trajectory and Heteroclinic Connections, AAS99-451, Girdwood, Alaska, August, 1999 Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross, Shoot the Moon, AAS00-166, Clearwater, Florida, January, 2000 Lo, The InterPlanetary Superhighway and the Origins Program, IEEE Aerospace2002 Conference, Big Sky, MT, February, 2002 Lo et al., Genesis Mission Design, AIAA , Boston, MA, August, 1998 Serban, Koon, Lo, Marsden, Petzold, Ross, Wilson, Halo Orbit Correction Maneuvers Using Optimal Control, submitted to Automatica, April, 2000 Scheeres, Vinh, Dynamis and Control of Relative Motion in an Unstable Orbit, AIAA Paper , August, 2000