1. Space Systems
Bob Hall & John Carrico

2. Agenda Background Examples How AGI technology is applied to space
When AGI technology is applied to space

3. Background STK, ODTK, NTK: “Tool Kit” Models of how things move
Many small tools that used together can model large complex systems
Models of how things move
Models of moving payloads on moving things
Sensors
Antennas
Models of how these moving things interact

4. Analytical Graphics, Inc.
Background…
Space Applications
Defense
Air Force and other DoD
UK MOD
French Air Force
Civil
NASA
ESA
CNES
DLR
JAXA
NSPO
Commercial and Contractors
Digital Globe, Space Imaging, OrbImage, Sirius, XM
Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Orbital Sciences
Qinetiq, SSTL
EADS Astrium
RSC Energia
Requirements
Problems

5. Examples
1 spacecraft
2 spacecraft
Many spacecraft

6. Imaging satellite When can I take a picture of a target? Constraints
Lighting
Terrain

7. Communications When can I communicate with my satellite? Constraints
Signal-to-noise; Bit error rate
Terrain
Interference and jamming
Jammed Beam

8. Attitude
Model attitude control laws
Sensors
Actuators

9. Solar power
Calculate power based on solar array geometry relative to Sun

10. Sensor obscuration
Parts of spacecraft block sensor field-of- view

11. Ground-track control
Repeating-ground-track Sun-synchronous frozen- orbit

12. Transfer to geostationary
Normal transfer
Sensor constraints
Where to put sensors
Sun sensor
Maneuvers
Launch window
Delta-V vs Sun angle

13. Transfer to geostationary…
AsiaSat3 rescue
Low-thrust

14. Geostationary
Orbit
Communications
Multi-beam and shaped patterns

15. Lunar transfer

16. Lunar landing Landing site selection Soft landing Closed loop control
Communications
Lighting
Terrain
Soft landing
Closed loop control

17. Libration point
Sun-Earth/Moon
Gravity assist

18. Libration point… Earth-Moon Communications relay Station/depot
Transfer

19. Libration point…
Any set of bodies

20. Interplanetary
Communications, coverage, attitude, orbits, maneuvers work around other planets
Aerobraking
Make your own asteroids

21. Multiple hop communications
Chains

22. ODTK Tracking spacecraft and calculating the orbit Operations
Automation
Notification

23. Error Analysis Tracking schedule to meet requirements
With STK
What types of tracking do I need
Is it worth it to add additional hardware?
What if we miss a pass?

24. Analytical Graphics, Inc.
ODTK…
Maneuver detection
Maneuver and OD
Maneuver calibration
Case ID No.
Stn
No.
Obs
Tracks
Description
ALL 5 24, All stations horizon-to-horizon
4 STN One 10 min track per pass per station
3 STN One 10 min track per pass per station
2 STN One 10 min track per pass per station
2 STNB One 10 min track per orbit, add 30
minutes extended tracking after
maneuvers
Optimized Optimize 10 min track schedule using
covariance analysis

25. Rendezvous
Rendezvous: often used to describe getting a spacecraft from one orbit to a control box near but offset from another
Rendezvous from 6678 km sma orbit to 6838 km sma orbit
4 maneuvers used to execute 2 Hohmann transfers
Proximity Operations: Begins after rendezvous
Very near another spacecraft (e.g., < 1 km)
Docking: Controlling spacecraft to touch at desired velocity

26. Docking Closed loop control
Fuzzy logic controller used for multiple constraints

27. Proximity Operations Moving one spacecraft around and close to another
Multiple way-points and collection stay-times

28. Formation flying Formation design Communications
Science and sensor collection

29. Constellations Coordinated mission Constellation design
Sensors
Communications
Constellation design
Relative station keeping

30. Space and other objects
Interaction with missiles, ground, sea, and air
Same capabilities work communications, navigation, sensor collection

31. Close approach
Conjunction analysis
Launch windows
Laser clearinghouse

32. Coverage Single object Area Attitude Works on the Moon and Mars
Constraints
Interference
Terrain
Attitude
Works on the Moon and Mars

33. GPS
NTK
Ground
Aircraft
Spacecraft

34. Scheduling Timeslots Tasks Scheduled Activity Resources Resource
Availability

35. STK/Analyzer
Parametric analysis
Monte Carlo
Runs STK for you

36. How technology is applied
Desktop
Automated desktop
Matlab,
Excel
Real-time situational awareness
Server on a network
Embedded system

37. Desktop
Interactive
From quick trade- off studies to high-fidelity analysis
Reports and graphs

38. Automated desktop
Use, Matlab, Excel, or other programs to run software for you

39. Real-time situational awareness
Telemetry monitoring
Other feeds
Flight Control

40. Live server on a network
LAN
HTML
Web Services

41. Data served on a network
Pre-computed data
Ground tracks
Sensor footprints

42. Embedded system
STKx
4DX

43. When technology is applied
Proposals
Early analysis
System design
Pre-launch analysis
Operations
Payload support
Contingency operations
Post-mission

44. Summary Many tools used in different ways applied to many situations
Many examples of AGI Technology applied to space – more to come
Designed for complete life-cycle