Description of Monographs

What is a Catalog(ue)? A list of library materials contained in a collection, a library, or a group of libraries arranged according to some definite plan. In a wider sense, a list of materials prepared for a particular purpose (e.g., an exhibition catalog, a sales catalog). -AACR2

Why Do We Catalog? What is the Purpose of a Catalog Record? TO PROVIDE ACCESS TO LIBRARY MATERIALS The process of cataloging results in the creation of a “catalog record” or “bibliographic record” for a specific item The purpose of the library catalog is to enable people to locate items within the library’s collection The bibliographic record, whether in card form, book form, or online, serves as a facsimile of the item itself

Why Do We Catalog? What is the Purpose of a Catalog Record? By looking at the bibliographic record one can identify features of the item, such as title, author(s), publisher, publication date, subject, etc. Within the catalog access is provided to the bibliographic records through a variety of names, titles and subject terms associated with the item Once the record is located within the catalog through these access points it can be evaluated by the user to see if she or he wants to examine the item itself If so the bibliographic record provides the user access to the item, usually through a call number or other location contained in the record

Purpose of Cataloging Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model What can cataloging do for you? Find what you’re looking for (the ultimate) … by finding a bibliographic record (via access points) Identify: there has to be enough information in the bibliographic description to verify the “find” (title/author, edition, pagination) Select (from description, subjects, classification) Obtain (call number, ISBN, citation)

Functions of Catalog: Objects Charles Cutter (1876) 1. Finding (Identifying) Function To enable a person to find a book of which either a) the author is known. b) the title is known. c) the subject is known.

Functions of Catalog: Objects Charles Cutter (1876) 2. Assembling (Collocating) Function To show what the library has d) by a given author. e) on a given subject. f) in a given kind of literature. 3. To assist in the choice of a book (Evaluating Function) g) as to its edition (bibliographically). h) as to its character (literary, topical).

Functions of Catalog: Means Charles Cutter (1876) 1. Author-entry with the necessary references (for A and D). 2. Title-entry or title-reference (for B). 3. Subject-entry, with cross-references, and classed subject-table (for C and E). 4. Form-entry and language-entry (for F). 5. Giving edition and imprint, with notes when necessary (for G). 6. Notes (for H).

Descriptive versus Subject Cataloging Process of cataloging is traditionally broken down into two phases: descriptive cataloging and subject cataloging Descriptive cataloging is the phase of the cataloging process which is concerned with identifying and describing library materials The recording of this descriptive information creates a surrogate of the item, the first step in the creation of a bibliographic record

Descriptive Cataloging The second step of descriptive cataloging involves supplying access to the bibliographic record through names and titles associated with the item Primary tasks of descriptive cataloger Describe and identify item; create bibliographic record Furnish name and title access points for bibliographic record The descriptive cataloger creates a surrogate for the item by extracting information from the item and arranging the information in the form of a bibliographic record By looking at the bibliographic record you know whether or not you want to look at the item itself

Descriptive Cataloging The descriptive cataloger also adds name and title access points to the bibliographic record so the person can find the record through a variety of names and/or titles associated with the item “Access point” refers to an entry under which the bibliographic record is listed in the catalog. The access point leads the user to the bibliographic record, which ten leads to the item itself There are two types of name and title access points Main entry is the primary name and/or title access point to a bibliographic record Added entry is any other name and/or title access point

What is Descriptive Cataloging? Task 1. Creation of a bibliographic record: a written representation of an entity selected for cataloging Rules, decisions & difficulties: what elements to include and leave out, the ordering & “marking” of the descriptive elements

Underlying Assumptions Description of one copy applies to all copies Standard descriptive rules are difficult to apply to Rare materials (specific copy is more important) Online resources (no tangible copy) Archival materials (not a copy by definition)

What is Descriptive Cataloging? Step 2. Provide access to the bibliographic record through “headings”/“access points”/“catalog entries” Access in descriptive cataloging is limited to names & titles; subject access through headings & classification is out of scope Rules, decisions, & difficulties: which access points to use & how to justify the choice, what form the entries should take, different entities with the same or similar names, different names for the same entity

Underlying Assumptions Description represents both a discrete entity (physical or virtual) and the intellectual content of the entity [description of the e-book Great Expectations also represents the intellectual content of the “work” by Charles Dickens] Access points do double duty Access to the bibliographic record (metadata in some cases provides direct access to content) Relating the intellectual content to other expressions in the library’s catalog

Authority Control To support intellectual relationships in the catalog Intellectual contributions by the same person Works issued by the same body Uniform titles (to bring together all works) Tasks Differentiating catalog headings (disambiguation) Access for different forms of the same name (references) Updating previously assigned headings for catalog consistency (maintenance)

Descriptive Cataloging Values Access to the bibliographic record is best accomplished through the values of Consistency (supported by ISBD & MARC) Accuracy (of transcription, of identification) Informed selection (what to transcribe, access points) Informed differentiation (sufficient information to allow the user to select among similar editions or similar access points)

Summary The fourfold FRBR purpose of cataloging (FISO) Find, Identify, Select, Obtain Objectives of descriptive cataloging Creation of bibliographic record; access to the bibliographic record In the catalog, authority control supports access to & intellectual relationships of bibliographic records through Disambiguation, References, & Ongoing Maintenance

LC Functions of Descriptive Cataloging 1. To state the significant features of an item with the purpose of distinguishing it from other items and describing its scope, contents, and bibliographic relation to other items 2. To present these data in an entry that can be integrated with other entries for other items in the catalog and which will respond best to the interests of most users of the catalog.

Subject Cataloging Subject cataloging is the phase of the cataloging process concerned with the subject of an item. Access to the bibliographic record is provided through subjects associated with the item Primary tasks of subject cataloger Analyze item for primary and secondary subject content Assign standardized subject headings to bibliographic records to furnish access through primary and secondary subjects Classify item according to primary subject and assign standardized classification number

Structure of Bibliographic Records Bibliographic records contains details describing an item within a library collection. Two parts of bibliographic record Bibliographic description: portion of the bibliographic record which contains the description and identification of the item Access points: consist of main entry and added entries (name, title, or name/title combination) as well as subject headings

ISBD International Standard Bibliographic Description A standard for ordering information in a bibliographic record Uses punctuation to delimit the descriptive elements of the bibliographic record

Bibliographic Description The bibliographic description is divided into eight areas. “Area” refers to “a major section of the bibliographic description, comprising data of a particular category or set of categories” (AACR2r Glossary) Eight Areas = MARC fields Area 1: field 245: Title and statement of responsibility Area 2: field 250: Edition Area 3: field 25X: Material specific details Area 4: field 260: Publication, distribution, etc. Area 5: field 300: Physical description Area 6: field 4XX: Series Area 7: field 5XX: Notes Area 8: field 02X International standard number and terms of availability

Jesse Shera's Two Laws of Cataloguing Law #1 No cataloguer will accept the work of any other cataloguer. Law #2 No cataloguer will accept his/her own work six months after the cataloguing.

Some fun anagrams for 'cataloguing' (the British spelling) 1.  a gaunt logic 2.  coagulating 3.  lunatic agog and for 'cataloging' (the American spelling) 1.  a giant clog 2.  a gnat logic 3.  coital gang

A MARC record is a MAchine-Readable Cataloging record. What is a MARC Record? A MARC record is a MAchine-Readable Cataloging record.

Why Is a MARC Record Necessary? Why can't a computer just read a catalog card? The information from a catalog card cannot simply be typed into a computer to produce an automated catalog. The computer needs a means of interpreting the information found on a cataloging record. The MARC record contains a guide to its data, or little “signposts," before each piece of bibliographic information.

Record with Textual Signposts Main entry, personal name with a single surname Title and statement of responsibility Title Proper Statement of responsibility DATA Chute, Marchette Gaylord, 1909- Stories from Shakespeare / Marchette Chute

Record with Textual Signposts Publication Place of publication Name of publisher Date of publication Physical description Pagination Illustrative matter Size New York : Meridian, 1976 (1993 printing) 319 p. ; 21 cm.

Record with Textual Signposts Note Area General note Standard numbers Subject added entries Personal author subject Topical subject DATA Includes index. ISBN 0-452-01061-6 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616--Adaptations. English drama--Early modern, 1500-1700--Adaptations

Record with Textual Signposts Call Number (LC) Call Number (Dewey) LC Card Number PR2877 .C53 1993 822.33 93-33372

Same Record with MARC Tags “SIGNPOSTS” 100 1# |a |d 245 10 |a |c 260 |a |b |c DATA Chute, Marchette Gaylord, 1909- Stories from Shakespeare / Marchette Chute. New York : Meridian, c1976.

Same Record with MARC Tags “SIGNPOSTS” 300 |a |c 500 |a 600 10 |a |d |v DATA 319 p. ; 21 cm. Includes index. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 Adaptations

Same Record with MARC Tags “SIGNPOSTS” 650 0 |a |y |v 010 |a 020 |a 090 |a |b 092 |a DATA English drama Early modern, 1500-1700 Adaptations 93-33372 0452010616 PR2877 .C53 1993 822.33

MARC Terms The box chart in the previous section showed a MARC record labeled with "signposts." The proper names of these "signposts" are field, tag, indicator, subfield, subfield code, and content designator. These MARC 21 terms are covered in this section.

MARC Terms In the MARC record, 10% of the tags are used over and over, and the other 90% are seen only occasionally or rarely. After even a short exposure to the MARC 21 format, it is not unusual to hear librarians speaking in "MARCese." Librarians who work with MARC records soon memorize the numbers for the fields common to the materials they catalog.

FIELDS are marked by TAGS Field: Each bibliographic record is divided logically into fields. There is a field for the author, a field for title information, and so on. These fields are subdivided into one or more "subfields." The textual names of the fields are too lengthy to be reproduced within each MARC record.

FIELDS are marked by TAGS Field (cont.): Instead they are represented by 3-digit tags. (Though on- line catalogs may display the names of the fields, the names are supplied by the system software, not by the MARC record).

FIELDS are marked by TAGS Tag: Each field is associated with a 3- digit number called a "tag." A tag identifies the field -- the kind of data -- that follows. Even though a printout or screen display may show the tag immediately followed by indicators (making it appear to be a 4- or 5-digit number), the tag is always the first 3 digits.

Field and Tag Example For example, the number 100 is a tag which marks the personal name main entry (author) field: 100 1 Chute, Marchette Gaylord, |d 1909-

Some Frequently Used Fields and Tags 010 020 100 245 FIELD Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) International Standard Book Number (ISBN) Personal name main entry (author) Title information (which includes the title, other title information, and the statement of responsibility)

Some Frequently Used Fields and Tags 250 260 300 440 520 650 700 FIELD Edition Publication information Physical description Series statement Summary note Topical subject heading Personal name added entry (joint author, editor, illustrative)

Some Fields are Further Defined by INDICATORS Indicators: Two character positions follow each tag (with the exception of Fields 001 through 009). One or both of these character positions may be used for indicators. In some fields, only the first or second position is used; in some fields, both are used; and in some fields, like the 020 and 300 fields, neither is used. When an indicator position is not used, that indicator is referred to as "undefined" and the position is left blank. It is the convention to represent a blank, or undefined, indicator position by the character "#".

Some Fields are Further Defined by INDICATORS Each indicator value is a number from 0 to 9. (Although the rules say it can be a letter, letters are uncommon.) Even though two indicators together may look like a 2-digit number, they really are two single-digit numbers. The allowable indicator values and their meanings are spelled out in the MARC 21 documentation.

Some Fields are Further Defined by INDICATORS In the example which follows, the first 3 digits are the tag (245 defines this as a title field) and the next 2 digits (a 1 and a 4) are indicator values. The 1 is the first indicator; 4 is the second indicator. 245 14 $a The emperor's new clothes / $c adapted from Hans Christian Andersen and illustrated by Janet Stevens.

Some Fields are Further Defined by INDICATORS First indicator value of 1 in the title field indicates that there should be a separate title entry in the catalog. In the card catalog environment, this means that a title card should be printed for this item and an entry for "Title" added to the tracings. A first indicator value of 0 would mean that a title main entry is involved; the card would be printed with the traditional hanging indention, and no additional tracing for the title would be required (since it is the main entry). Not important in online environment.

Some Fields are Further Defined by INDICATORS Nonfiling characters: One of the more interesting indicators is the second indicator for the title field. It displays the number of characters at the beginning of the field (including spaces) to be disregarded by the computer in the sorting and filing process. For the title The emperor's new clothes, the second indicator is set to "4" so that the first four characters (the "T," the "h," the "e," and the space) will be skipped and the title will be filed under "emperor's."

SUBFIELDS are marked by SUBFIELD CODES and DELIMITERS Subfield: Most fields contain several related pieces of data. Each type of data within the field is called a subfield, and each subfield is preceded by a subfield code. Fields 001 through 009 have no subfields.

SUBFIELDS are marked by SUBFIELD CODES and DELIMITERS For example, the field for a book's physical description (defined by the tag 300) includes a subfield for the extent (number of pages), a subfield for other physical details (illustration information), and a subfield for dimensions (centimeters): 300 ## $a 675 p. : $b ill. ; $c 24 cm.

SUBFIELDS are marked by SUBFIELD CODES and DELIMITERS Subfield code: Subfield codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a delimiter. A delimiter is a character used to separate subfields. Each subfield code indicates what type of data follows it.

SUBFIELDS are marked by SUBFIELD CODES and DELIMITERS Delimiter: Different software programs use different characters to represent the delimiter on the screen or on printouts. Examples are a double dagger, an "at sign" (@), a dollar sign ($), or an underline. In this presentation the dollar sign ($) is used as the delimiter portion of the subfield code. In the previous example, the subfield codes are $a for the extent, $b for other physical details, and $c for dimensions.

Walt Crawford calls the MARC system a "shorthand notation" system. CONTENT DESIGNATORS is an inclusive term used to refer to tags, indicators, and subfield codes The three kinds of content designators -- tags, indicators, and subfield codes -- are the keys to the MARC 21 notation system. Walt Crawford calls the MARC system a "shorthand notation" system. The three types of content designators are the shorthand symbols that label and explain the bibliographic record.

Some GENERAL RULES There are some general rules that help define what all the numbers used as field tags mean. Note that in discussions of MARC 21 tags, the notation XX is often used to refer to a group of related tags. For example, 1XX refers to all the tags in the100s: 100, 110, 130, and so on.

Tags Divided by Hundreds The basic divisions of the MARC 21 bibliographic record are: 0XX Control information, numbers, codes 1XX Main entry 2XX Titles, edition, imprint (in general, the title, statement of responsibility, edition, and publication information ) 3XX Physical description, etc 4XX Series statements (as shown in the book)

Tags Divided by Hundreds 5XX Notes 6XX Subject added entries 7XX Added entries other than subject or series 8XX Series added entries (other authoritative forms)

Tags Divided by Hundreds The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode numbers. Local libraries, vendors, or systems can define and use them for attaching other types of information to records. X9Xs in each of these groups -- 09X, 59X, etc. -- are also reserved for local use, except 490.)

Access Points Most of the access points are in: 1XX fields (main entries) 4XX fields (series statements) 6XX fields (subject headings) 7XX fields (added entries other than subject or series) 8XX fields (series added entries)

Parallel Content The fields requiring authority control are also the fields that use parallel tag construction. In general, in the 1XX, 4XX, 6XX, 7XX and 8XX fields, a personal name will have the last two digits 00. Therefore, for a main entry (1XX) that is a personal name (X00), the correct tag is 100.

Parallel Content For a subject heading (6XX) that is a personal name, the tag is 600, and so on. This parallel content can be summarized as follows: X00 Personal names X10 Corporate names X11 Meeting names X30 Uniform titles X40 Bibliographic titles X50 Topical terms X51 Geographic names

Parallel Content By combining this chart with the chart "Tags divided by hundreds” it becomes evident that if the subject of a book (6XX) is a person (Lincoln, Abraham), the will be 600; If the subject of the book is a corporation (Apple Computer, Inc.), the tag will be 610; If the subject of the book is a topic (Railroads), the tag will be 650; If the subject of a book is a place (United States), the tag will be 651. An added entry (7XX) for a joint author (a personal name) will have tag 700.

Unique Information Appears at the Beginning of MARC Records Leader: The leader is the first 24 characters of the record. Each position has an assigned meaning, but much of the information in the leader is for computer use. MARC record creation and editing programs usually provide a window or prompts to assist the cataloger n filling in any leader data elements that require input.

Unique Information Appears at the Beginning of MARC Records Directory: Immediately following the leader is a block of data called a directory. This directory tells what tags are in the record and where they are placed. The directory is constructed (by computer) from the bibliographic record. It is invisible to the cataloger

Unique Information Appears at the Beginning of MARC Records The 008 field: The 008 field is referred to as Fixed-Length Data Elements, or Fixed Field Codes. Its 40 characters contain important information, but in an abbreviated form. Although it is not yet used to its fullest in on-line catalog systems, this field can be used to identify and retrieve records matching specific criteria.

Unique Information Appears at the Beginning of MARC Records For example, there is a code in this field to indicate whether a book is large-print, a code to identify the country of publication, a code to identify juvenile materials, a code to indicate the language of the text, and so on.

Fixed Field Codes Below is an example of fixed field for book format from an OCLC MARC record. Type: a ELvl: 1 Srce: Audn: Ctrl: Lang: eng BLvl: m Form: Conf: 0 Biog: MRec: Ctry: ohu Cont: GPub: Fict: 0 Indx: 0 Desc: Ills: a Fest: 0 DtSt: s Dates: 1956, ………………. 100 1 Chute, Marchette Gaylord, ‡d 1909- 245 10 Stories from Shakespeare.

Fixed Field Codes In the previous fixed field, there is a code to indicate the country of publication -- Ctry: ohu means the item was published in Ohio, United States. There is also a code for the date of the publication -- Dates: 1956 There is a code for the language of the text -- Lang: eng, and so on. The fixed field can be useful for retrieving records matching specific criteria.

Jesse Shera’s two principles of cataloging No two catalogers will catalog something the same way. You won’t catalog something the same way six months from now.

….. but if you share rules, vocabularies, and other standards, there is hope of being able to share cataloging records, even across cataloging communities

Tools for Descriptive Cataloging The Rules for Descriptive Cataloging: AACR2, 2002 revision The Rule Interpretations: LC Rule Interpretations (LCRIs) MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description) AACR2 contains rules for descriptive cataloging only. It contains no guidance for subject cataloging The organization of AACR2 reflects the two primary tasks of descriptive cataloging: Part I addresses the process of identifying and describing an item through the creation of a bibliographic description Part II addresses the task of supplying access points for the record

Standards Landscape for Descriptive Data “The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from.” Data Structure Standards: MARC, EAD, DC, MODS, VRA Core, CDWA Data Content Standards: AACR2, APPM, CCO, DACS Data Value Standards: LCSH, MeSH, AAT, TGM, ULAN “Standards are like toothbrushes, everyone agrees they’re a good thing but nobody wants to use anyone else’s.”

Brief History of Cataloging Rules Panizzi’s Ninety-one Rules (1839) Earliest codified rules in Western cataloging Codification of rules for British Museum cataloging The British Museum rules were revised up until 1936.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules Jewett’s Rules (1853) Charles Jewett worked for Smithsonian 33 rules loosely based on Panizzi Jewett known for 2 things: Earliest discussion of subject heading codification (standard form of entry for subject headings) Proposed centralized or cooperative cataloging by means of union catalog with a “stereotyped” (standard) record

Brief History of Cataloging Rules Cutter’s Rules (1876) The first edition of Charles Amni Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog was published in 1876 Cutter’s rules nyumbered 369 and set out the first principles of cataloguing, and included a statement of the objectives of the catalogue. The code covered rules for dictionary catalogues including both entry (for authors, titles, subjects, and form headings), and description.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules AA (1908) In light of the similar work being done on both sides of the Atlantic, Melvil Dewey suggested that there should be co-operation to produce an Anglo-American code. The American Library Association and the Library Association formally agreed to co-operate in 1904. Consultation between the two bodies occurred by correspondence. The first international cataloguing code was published in 1908 in an American edition (Catalog Rules, Author and Title Entries) and a British edition (Cataloguing Rules, Author and Title Entries) Both editions contained 174 rules covering both entry and heading for authors and titles, and description. Areas of disagreement between the two editions centered on authors and publications that changed names or titles. In both editions disagreements were explained either in a note or by printing two versions of the rule. Library of Congress supplementary rules were also included where necessary.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules ALA Cataloging Rules (1941) In the 1930s committees of American Library Association and the Library Association discussed revision of the 1908 rules. The two bodies co-operated until 1939 when the Second World War ended British involvement. A preliminary second edition of the American edition of the 1908 rules was published by the American Library Association in 1941, and contained 324 rules in two parts: Part I, Entry and Heading; Part II, Description of book; as well as various appendices, including one on “authority cards.” So, the 88 pages of AA had grown to 408 pages Andrew Osborn’s article “The Crisis in Cataloging”

Brief History of Cataloging Rules ALA Cataloging Rules (1949) The 1941 edition was criticized for being too detailed and complex, and in 1949 A.L.A. Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries was published This edition contained only rules for entry and heading. American alternative rules in the 1908 code were reflected in the 1949 code.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress (1949) As the 1949 ALA code did not contain rules for descriptive cataloguing, the Library of Congress took responsibility for documenting rules of this nature. As Library of Congress catalogue cards were widely used by American libraries, there was interest in the rules used by the Library of Congress. Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress was published in 1949, and the rules were adopted by the American Library Association. Included were rules for separately published monographs, serials, and some non-book materials. Supplementary rules were subsequently issued for additional non-book formats.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules AACR (1967) In 1951 the American Library Association asked Seymour Lubetzky, of the Library of Congress, to analyse the 1949 ALA code. An approach was also made to the Library Association regarding co-ordination of revision of the 1949 code. In 1953 Lubetzky’s report (Cataloging Rules and Principles]) was published. This work advocated a move towards a principle-based rather than case-based code. In 1956 Lubetzky was appointed editor of the revised code, and in 1960 he produced the draft Code of Cataloging Rules; Author and Title Entry The International Conference on Cataloguing Principles was held in Paris in 1961 to examine the choice and form of headings in author/title catalogues. The outcome was a statement of 12 principles known as the Paris Principles In 1967 two versions of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) were published, a North American text and a British text.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) At the International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts in Copenhagen in 1969, a program of International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) was developed. The objective was to identify components in a bibliographic description, their preferred order, and the necessary punctuation. The first ISBD standard to be produced was that for Monographs (ISBD(M)) in 1971..

Brief History of Cataloging Rules AACR2 (1978) In 1974 the Joint Steering Committee for the Revision of AACR (JSC) was established, with membership from the American Library Association, the British Library, the Canadian Library Association (represented by the Canadian Committee on Cataloguing), the Library Association, and the Library of Congress. The JSC was charged with incorporating the North American and British texts into a single version. The JSC appointed two editors for the revised code, Michael Gorman of the British Library, and Paul W. Winkler of the Library of Congress. The Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second edition (AACR2) was published in one version in 1978. AACR2 was adopted by the Library of Congress, the National Library of Canada, the British Library, and the Australian National Library in January 1981. Revisions to AACR2 were adopted in 1982, 1983 (published 1984), and 1985 (published 1986). A draft revision of AACR2 chapter 9 (renamed: Computer Files) was published in 1987.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules AACR2 1988 revision The 1988 Revision of AACR2 incorporated the 1982, 1983, and 1985 revisions plus subsequent unpublished revisions. The 1988 Revision was published in both book and loose-leaf format. One set of amendments was published in 1993.

Brief History of Cataloging Rules AACR2 1998 revision The 1998 Revision of AACR2 incorporated the 1993 amendments, and revisions approved between 1992 and 1996 The 1998 Revision was published in book and CDROM format. Amendments packages were published in 1999 and 2001. The 2001 amendments included a complete revision of chapter 9 (renamed: Electronic Resources).

Brief History of Cataloging Rules AACR2 2002 revision The 2002 Revision of AACR2 incorporated the 1999 and 2001 amendments, and changes approved in 2001, including complete revisions of chapter 3 (Cartographic Materials) and chapter 12 (renamed: Continuing Resources) The revision of chapter 12 arose from a recommendation of the International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR, and IFLA-led efforts to harmonize ISBD(CR), ISSN practice, and AACR2. In 2002 AACR was published only in loose-leaf format. Updates issued in 2003 and 2004. Last update issued in 2005 AACR3 (RDA) to be issued in 2009-2010?

AACR2 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules Second Edition, 2002 Revision with 2005 update Also in electronic format as part of Catalogers Desktop AACR is kept up to date by Library of Congress Rule Interpretations

AACR2: Part I Divided into thirteen chapters Chapter 1 contains the basic rules for the description of all library materials Chapters 2-12 contain specific rules for the description of specific types of materials: 2. Printed monographs 3. Cartographic materials 4. Manuscripts 5. Printed music 6. Sound recordings 7. Moving images 8. Graphic materials 9. Electronic resources 10. Realia 11. Microforms 12. Continuing resources

AACR2: Part I Chapter 13: Analysis: Process of preparing a bibliographic record that describes a part or parts of an item (e.g. an issue of a periodical, a chapter of a book) Chapters 1-12 have same internal structure: Order of rules follows order of areas in bibliographic description Rule numbers reflect area of description 2.1: Rules for area 1 for monographs 6.1: Rules for area 1 for sound recordings

AACR2 Rule 0.24 states that it is important to bring out all the aspects of the item being described. This includes content, carrier, type of publication, its bibliographic relationships and whether it is published or unpublished. The cataloger should follow the most specific rules applying to the item whenever they differ from the general rules. Specific format chapters often refer back to Chapter 1. 9.1B1 – Electronic resources – Transcribe the title proper as instructed in 1.1B. Each specific format chapter has a Scope (_.0A1) which tells exactly what type of items are covered by that chapter.

AACR2 Chief source of information Each format has a chief source of information listed (_.0B1) Information from the chief source is to be preferred above all others. This section also lists what can be used for a substitute. The title of an item should always come from the chief source of information or the chief source substitute. Some parts of the description are taken from “prescribed sources” rather than the chief source. _0B2 sets these out for each format. If information does not come from the prescribed source it must be in square brackets.

AACR2: Part II Part II applies to all materials, regardless of format. Rules for Choice and Form of entry for access points: Choice is decision about what access points are needed Form is decision about the authorized form in which they will be made. AACR2 Part II chapters: 21. Choice of access points 22. Headings for persons 23. Geographic names 24. Corporate bodies 25. Uniform titles 26. References

AACR2: Appendices Appendix A: Contains rules for capitalization in many languages. Appendix B: Contains lists of abbreviations in various languages which may be used in bibliographic records Appendix C: Contains rules for recording within the bibliographic record numerals in various languages Appendix D: Contains a glossary of library and cataloging terminology Appendix E: Contains list of initial articles

AACR2 2002 Revision Not an amendment package this time New printing of entire AACR2 Changes incorporated into text Different fonts for text and examples Most rules not changed!

Conceptual Categories Bibliographic Resources Finite Resources Continuing Resources One of several ways to categorize the world of bibliographic resources / information entities. Finite Integrating Resources Continuing Inte-grating Resources Monographs Serials

Finite and continuing Finite Resource: Continuing Resource: No formal definition; by implication the opposite of “continuing”: A bibliographic resource issued once or over time with a predetermined conclusion (completed within a finite number of parts or iterations). Includes monographs and finite integrating resources. Continuing Resource: A bibliographic resource issued over time with no predetermined conclusion. Includes serials and ongoing integrating resources.

Integrating resource New definition in AACR2: “A bibliographic resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole. Integrating resources can be finite or continuing …” Most common: Updating loose-leafs Updating electronic resources

Serial Serial: A continuing resource issued in a succession of discrete parts, usually bearing numbering, that has no predetermined conclusion. Examples include journals, magazines, electronic journals, continuing directories, annual reports, newspapers, and monographic series.

Serial Definition What do we mean by: Discrete? Usually? Separate parts/issues/articles Usually? Unnumbered series or first issue not designated No predetermined conclusion No obvious finiteness

Monograph Definition Monograph: A bibliographic resource that is complete in one part or intended to be completed within a finite number of parts. Bibliographic resource: An expression or manifestation of a work or an item that forms the basis for bibliographic description. A bibliographic resource may be tangible or intangible.

Chapter 12 Name now “Continuing Resources” Scope expanded: Serials Integrating resources Some finite resources Reprints of serials Finite integrating resources Resources with characteristics of serials… but whose duration is limited

Chapter 12 Not just for serial catalogers any more! For monograph catalogers: Transcribing series statements for monographic series in analytical records (NOT of multi-part items) Creating bibliographic records for updating loose-leafs Creating bibliographic records for updating Internet resources Creating series authority records for monographic series

Resources of limited duration Resources that exhibit the characteristics of serials, such as successive issues, numbering, and frequency, but whose duration is limited” Function similarly to serials, content or scope is not predetermined Coverage of events over time Unlike multi-part monographs where the scope of the material is fixed Multi-parts issued in separate volumes- material can’t be contained in a single volume

Limited duration examples Regular reports of a limited-term project Annual report of a commission that will exist only for a limited time Newsletters from a non recurring event Working papers from a single conference

Transcribing title proper: Introductory words - 1.1B1 AACR: Do not transcribe words that serve as an introduction and are not intended to be part of the title. Disney presents Sleeping Beauty Welcome to NASA quest Rule applies to all resources

LCRI 1.1B1: Introductory words Catalogers judgment Look at other sources Consider presentation, typography, etc. Occurs primarily with moving image materials, electronic resources, and popular journals Doubt? Longer form as 245; shorter form as 246

Introductory words: 245 On t.p.: The Iowan Magazine Presents Covered Bridges Tours 245 00 $a Covered bridges tours 246 1 $i Title on title page: $a Iowan magazine presents covered bridges tours

Technical reading The first thing to do when cataloging any item is to technically read it. Technical reading consists of: Looking carefully at the item to determine what type of information needs to go into the cataloging record Is there a title page? Are there title variations? Is there an edition statement? Are there illustrations, maps, portraits, etc.? Is there a bibliography, index, etc. ???

Bibliographic Description: Sources of Information The information contained in the bibliographic description is taken primarily from the item itself. This information may appear in different forms in different places on the item The cataloger first identifies the chief source of information for the item This is the source within the item which serves as the primary source of information for the description AACR2 guides the cataloger in the selection of chief source of information

Sources of Information Different materials or types of publications will have different chief sources of information. For monographs, the chief source of information is the title page. For a videorecording, it is the title frame. If there is no title page, the rule directs the cataloger to select a substitute for it, and “use the part of the item supplying the most complete information, whether this be the cover, half title page, caption, colophon, running title, or other part.” If chief source not used, note needed for source of title proper.

Sources of Information: Definitions Title Page: Page at the beginning of an item bearing the title proper and usually, though not necessarily, the statement of responsibility and the data relating to publication. The leaf bearing the title page is commonly called the"title page" although properly called the title leaf. Cover: Original binding of the book. A dust jacket is not a cover. Half Title Page: Brief title printed on a separate leaf preceding the main title page. Caption Title: Title of the work printed on the first page of text. Colophon: Statement at the end of an item giving information about the title, author(s), publisher, printer, date of publication and/or printing.

Sources of Information: Definitions Spine title: Title that appears on spine of original cover. Binder’s title: Title lettered on the cover by a binder as distinguished from the title on the original publisher’s cover. Verso of title page: The page on the back of the title page. Added title page: Title page immediately preceding or following the title page chosen as the chief source of information. Preliminaries: The title page(s) of an item, the verso of the title page(s), any pages preceding the title page(s), and the cover.

Sources of Information: Prescribed Sources on Information Not all information to be recorded in the description can be found on the chief source of information. In order to standardize the sources within the publication from which a cataloger may gather the information to be contained in the description, AACR2 identifies prescribed sources of information for each area of the description

Prescribed Sources on Information for Monographs Area Title and statement of responsibility Edition Publication Physical description Series Note Standard number Prescribed sources Title page Title page, preliminaries, colophon Whole publication Series title page, monograph title page, cover, rest of publication Any source

Prescribed Sources on Information for Monographs Any information to be used in the description that was found outside the prescribed sources must be enclosed in square brackets ([ ])

Area 1: Title and Statement of Responsibility Elements which may appear in area 1 Title proper General material designator (GMD) Parallel title Other title information Statement of responsibility MARC field 245 ISBD punctuation

Area 1: Title Proper Title proper transcribed “exactly as to wording, order, and spelling, but not necessarily as to punctuation and capitalization” (AACR2r, rule 1.1B1) “Transcribe”: Written exactly as it appears on the item itself First word of title always capitalized; rest of words not capitalized unless proper noun.

Area 1: Title Proper If information preceding the title page is possessive, it is usually included in the title proper, and an alternate title added entry should be made for the title without the possessive information. 100; 1 ;a Simon, Neil. 245; 00 ;a Neil Simon’s seems like old times. 246; 30 ;a Seems like old times MARC field 245, subfield a

Area 1: Parallel Titles and Alternative Titles Alternate title: second part of a title proper that consists of two parts, each of which is a title; the parts are joined by “or”. A “second title” of the publication Part of 245 $a. Precede and follow word or with a comma, and capitalize first word of the alternative title Parallel title: Title proper in another language and/or script Preceded by ISBD punctuation “space -- equal sign -- space” MARC field 245, subfield b

Area 1: GMDs GMD: Term indicating the broad class of material to which an item belongs Follows title proper (before parallel and other title information). Enclosed in square brackets ([ ]) Listed in AACR2, rule 1.1C1. U.S. uses list 2. Examples: microform, sound recording, videorecording, electronic resource, game, flash card MARC field 245, subfield h

Area 1: Other Title Information Title borne by an item other than the title proper or parallel or series titles. Includes subtitles, but does not include other variations like spine titles. Sometimes difficult to distinguish between title proper and other title information Typography often provides a clue and is determining factor Cataloger also considers way in which the title information is presented in other parts of the publication MARC field 245 $b: preceded by ISBD punctuation “space -- colon -- space”

Items with a Collective Title The collective title should be transcribed in the 245, and any appropriate statements of responsibility. Often all the author are listed on the title page. Most of these works with have title main entry. An unformatted 505 should be constructed with the title and author of all the included works. A separate 700 should be made for each author and title. There is access to the collected title in the 245. The separate titles are keyword accessible from the 505 and there is title access from the 700 $t.

Items with a Collective Title: Example 245 02 $a A purrfect romance / $c Jennifer Blake, Robin Lee Hatcher, Susan Wiggs. 505 0 $a Out of the dark / Jennifer Blake - - A wish and a prayer / Robin Lee Hatcher - - Belling the cat / Susan Wiggs.                700 12 $a Blake, Jennifer, $d 1942- $t Out of the dark. 700 12 $a Hatcher, Robin Lee. $t Wish and a prayer. 700 12 $a Wiggs, Susan. $t Belling the cat.

ITEMS WITHOUT A COLLECTIVE TITLE If the collection lacks a collective title, and one work predominates, treat that title as the title proper and name the other work(s) in a note. If the collection lacks a collective title, and no one work predominates, treat the item as a unit. Use the following examples when treating as a unit.

EXAMPLES FOR WORKS BY A SINGLE AUTHOR WITHOUT A COLLECTIVE TITLE 100 1 $a Hemingway, Ernest, $d 1899-1961. 245 14 $a The old man and the sea ; $b For whom the bell tolls / $c Ernest Hemingway. 246 3 $a Old man and the sea ; For whom the bell tolls 740 02$a For whom the bell tolls. 100 1 $a Joseph, Harper. 245 10 $a Speedway ; $b Spin-out ; Crypto-logic / $c by Harper Joseph. 246 3 $a Speedway ; Spin-out ; Crypto-logic 740 02 $a Spin-out. 740 02 $a Crypto-logic.

EXAMPLES FOR WORKS BY DIFFERENT AUTHORS WITHOUT A COLLECTIVE TITLE If the collection contains no more than three works, enter under the heading appropriate to the first and make analytical added entries for the second and third works. 100 1 $a Clancy, Tom, $d 1947- 245 10 $a Patriot games / $c Tom Clancy. The great train robbery / Michael Crichton. 246 3 $a Patriot games ; Great train robbery 700 12 $a Crichton, Michael, $d 1942- $t Great train robbery. 100 1 $a Conrad, Joseph, $d 1857-1924. 245 10 $a Heart of darkness / $c Joseph Conrad. Ethan Frome / Edith Wharton. Emma / Jane Austen. 246 3 $a Heart of darkness ; Ethan Frome ; Emma 700 12 $a Wharton, Edith, $d 1862-1937. $t Ethan Frome. 700 12 $a Austen, Jane, $d 1775-1817. $t Emma.

EXAMPLES FOR WORKS BY DIFFERENT AUTHORS WITHOUT A COLLECTIVE TITLE If the collection contains four or more works that are entered under four or more different headings, enter the collection under the heading for the work named first. Add a partial enhanced 505 for the other titles. Do not include the first title in the 505. 100 1 $a Austen, Jane, $d 1775-1817. 245 10 $a Sense and sensibility / $c by Jane Austen. 505 20 $t Age of innocence / $r Edith Wharton -- $t Far from the madding crowd / $r Thomas Hardy -- $t Vicar of Wakefield / $r Oliver Goldsmith.

Area 1: Statement of Responsibility Transcribe statements of responsibility appearing prominently in the item in the same order and form in which they appear. Precede first statement of responsibility with “space -- diagonal slash -- space” The word prominently (used in such phrases as prominently named and stated prominently) means that a statement to which it applied must be a formal statement found in one of the prescribed sources of information If statement of responsibility shows more than three authors, enter the first name followed by mark of omission (…) and end with et al. In square brackets Precede each subsequent statement of responsibility with “space -- semicolon -- space” MARC field 245, subfield c

Area 2: Edition Edition: All copies produced from essentially the same type image (whether by direct contact or by photographic or other methods) and issued by the same entity. Transcribe edition statement as found in tem. Use abbreviations as instructed in Appendix C. Transcribe statement of responsibility related to edition following the edition statement. Precede with “space -- diagonal slash -- space MARC field 250 (statement of responsibility in $b)

Area 3: Material Specific Details This area used for items such as videos and motion pictures, electronic resources, maps and other nonbook items . Specific instructions included in chapters for these materials

Area 4: Publication, Distribution, etc. This area (sometimes called the imprint) gives information on the place of publication, the publisher or distributor, and the date of publication. Transcribe the place of publication in the form and grammatical case in which it appears. Consult Appendix B for abbreviations If city alone appears in prescribed source but is considered necessary to add state or country, supply name in square brackets If publisher has two or more offices named in the item, give the first named place. If first named place not in U.S., give first named place in the home country

Area 4: Publication, Distribution, etc. If location not certain, follow by question mark and enclose in square brackets If no place or probable place can be identified, use s.l. (sine loco): [S.l.] Follow place of publication with “space -- colon space” Give name of publisher in shortest form in which it can be understood and recognized Generally, omit articles preceding the name of the publisher, distributor, etc. If you decide that the publisher's name can be shortened: usually omit "Co.," "Inc.," "Ltd.," "Publisher," "Publishers," "Publishing Company," and "Press"; normally omit, or shorten to an initial (or initials) the forename(s) of publishers.

Area 4: Publication, Distribution, etc. If name of publisher cannot be determine, enter [s.n.] (sine nomine) If there are two or more publishers, separate with “space -- semicolon -- space” Following name of publisher, enter date (year) of publication. Date is preceded by “comma -- space” If date of publication cannot be found, give copyright date, or in its absence the date of manufacture (printing date), identified as such: e.g. c1989, 1995 printing If no date can be found, supply approximate date, enclosed in square brackets MARC field 260 $a Place : $b Publisher, $c Date.

No Date of Publication (AACR2 Rule 1.4F7) [1971 or 1972] [1969?] [between 1906 and 1912] [ca. 1960] [197-] [197-?] [18--] [18--?] One year or the other Probable date Use only for dates fewer than 20 years apart Approximate date Decade certain Decade uncertain Century certain Century uncertain

Edition vs. Printing: Definition of Terms Edition - all copies printed from a single setting of type. An edition remains the same edition no matter how many times its reprinted until one or more of the following occurs: reset (the printing history will say so) changed (revised, abridged, enlarged, etc.) issued by a new publisher French: edition Spanish: edicion, impression German: Auflage, Ausgabe

Edition vs. Printing: Definition of Terms Printing - all copies of an edition printed at one time (same edition). One edition can have many successive printings. Publishers reprint an edition for as long as there is a demand for it. French: edition Spanish: edicion German: Auflage Impression - means printing (same edition) French: impression Spanish: impresion German: Druck

Edition vs. Printing: Definition of Terms Reprint - can mean printing (same edition) or republication by another publisher.French: reimpression Spanish: reimpresion German: Neuausgabe, Neudruck Trade edition - an ordinary edition. Limited edition - an edition limited to a fixed number of copies. It can also mean a limited number of copies from an edition printed on nicer paper, with a different binding, often numbered and signed by the author and/or illustrator. The statement describing the number of copies and special features is called a notice of limitation. Facsimile - a reproduction that exactly reproduces the appearance (but not necessarily the binding) of the original.

Edition vs. Printing The date of a book is the date of the first impression of its edition. Later printings of the edition belong on the same record. If there is a record that reflects the date of the edition, that is the preferred record. If the only available record reflects a printing date, use it and edit the fixed field and 260 to reflect the date of the edition. Do not make a note of printing dates or numbers. Exception: For Special Collections materials, make a 590 note to indicate printing number and/or date, if it's other than the first. For materials printed before 1800, each printing is an edition.

Edition vs. Printing A numbered statement means a new edition EXCEPTION: older (pre-1960) materials, private or small press items and some foreign publications will sometimes label successive printings as numbered editions. If there are many records over a span of years and the only difference is the edition number, those editions are actually printings. If the only record for the work in hand matches everything except year and edition number, its a printing called an edition. The record is a match. When in doubt, look at the copyright date, number of pages, and printing history.

Edition vs. Printing A new date usually means a new edition EXCEPTIONS: Some publishers put the date of the latest printing on the title page or at the end of a printing history on the verso of the title page. This is especially common with publishers of classics, which keep titles in print for a long time (e.g., Penguin and Oxford University Press). Copies of the same edition belong on the same record, even if they're printed 20 years apart. The date of the edition is the date of the latest (post-1978) copyright date. If there is no revision listed, consider the date of the edition to be the date of the first printing. In Spanish and French items, the legal deposit date ("deposito legal" or "d.l." in Spanish or "depot legal" in French) is a better indicator of edition date than the copyright date.

Edition vs. Printing On any American work published before 1978, the first copyright date is the date of the edition, unless successive copyright dates are labeled "new" or "revised." Ignore any copyright labeled "renewal" when determining the date of the piece in hand. Before 1978, American publishers periodically renewed copyrights, whether the edition was changed or not.

Edition vs. Printing If the publisher has changed, a book is a new edition, even if it calls itself a printing or reprint. A reprint edition (new publisher) usually has fixed field "Publication Status" of r, a note explaining publication history, and dates in the 260 relating only to the reprint. When a publisher's name changes, especially if the change indicates that the publisher itself has changed (e.g., a merger), it is considered a change of publisher (i.e., a new edition). Minor variations in the publisher's name do not signal a change of publisher (e.g., John Wiley & Sons vs. Wiley) Some publishers will use varying forms of their name on title pages (e.g., St. Martin's Press will sometimes call itself just St. Martins). This is not a significant change. A new edition should be cataloged using the form of name the publisher uses on the item. Fixed field "Publication status" should be s. If the publisher changes between parts of a serial or multipart item, the parts belong on the same record.

Edition vs. Printing Any indication that materials has been added, removed, or changed signals a new edition. Look for words such as: new, revised, corrected, abridged or enlarged . French: nouveau, nouvelle, revue, corrige, reduite, or mis a jour. Spanish: nuevo, revisada, refundido, mejorado, acortado, aumentado, or actualizado German: neu, bearbeitet, durchgesehen, verandert, uberarbeitet, berichte, verbesserte, korrigierte, erweitet, or vermehrt

Edition vs. Printing The number of pages usually changes with a new edition. EXCEPTIONS: The addition or deletion of unpaged material, such as a preface or appendix, qualifies as a new edition. If prefatory numbering is dropped, but the book remains otherwise the same (i.e., the material is still there, just unpaged), its just another printing of the same edition. Differences in pages of publisher's advertisements at the end of a volume don't count if they're paged separately. If the pages of advertising are included in the volume's pagination, a change does count.

Edition vs. Printing Physical size and binding style aren't significant differences, even if the publisher calls a group of books an edition on this basis. EXCEPTION: Miniature scores are considered separate editions from their full-sized counterparts and require a separate record, even if the only difference between the two is size. Paperbacks and hardbacks go on the same record, unless there's a difference in pagination, publishers, etc. No note is needed except for Special Collections materials. Limited editions are true editions unless there's a change in the content of the book (e.g., extra preface, special illustrations, etc.) If you have a limited edition in hand and find a record that matches it except it lacks a notice of limitation, use the record and make a note. If you have the trade edition in hand and find a record that matches it but includes a notice of limitation, its a match. Do not delete the notice of limitation. If a work has both a trade and limited edition, the notice of limitation will usually mention both. "Large paper editions" are not true editions and should be cataloged on the same record as the standard size. If you have a choice of records use the one for the standard size.

Edition vs. Printing EXCEPTION: If the number of volumes changes (e.g., 2 volumes in 1, or 1 volume reissued in three), it is a new edition, even if the publisher calls it a printing. This only applies to works issued by the publisher. If a library or collector has bound multiple volumes together or split one apart, the change is not significant.

Area 5: Physical Description This area supplies information about the physical description of the item. This area is sometimes called collation. Enter the number of pages or leaves in a work. Enter last numbered page of each separately numbered sequence If pages are not numbered but can be easily determined, enter number in square brackets. If not easily ascertainable, enter estimated number without brackets and precede with ca. Alternately, use 1 v. (unpaged) or 1 v. (various pagings)

Plates in the 300 Field If volume contains plates, account for the plates separately from pages or leaves. In order for something to be a plate, it must not be numbered, or it must have separate numbering. If pictures are printed on shiny paper, and look like plates, but are numbered consecutively with the pages, they are not considered plates. [6] p. of plates - Plates with something on both sides, no separate numbering. 6 p. of plates - Plates with something on both sides, numbered 1-6. [8] leaves of plates - Plates with something on only one side, with no numbering. 8 leaves of plates - Plates with something on only one side, numbered 1-8.

Area 5: Physical Description Following extent, enter information about illustrations. Precede with “space – colon – space” If volume contains many types of illustrations, record as “ill.”. If the volume consists wholly or predominately of illustrations, enter “all ill.” or “chiefly ill.” Give appropriate term or abbreviation for following types of illustrations (in this order): coats of arms, facsimiles (facsims.), forms, genealogical tables (geneal. tables), maps, music, plans, portraits (ports.), samples. If illustrations appear in two or more colors, the are considered colored illustrations and should be identified as “col.” (e.g. col. ill. or ill. (some col.) If illustrations are numbered or if the number of illustrations can be easily ascertained, record the number (e.g. 13 maps)

Area 5: Physical Description Follow illustrative material, give the dimensions of the item. Enter height in cm. Precede with “space -- semicolon -- space” When width greater than height, or when width is less than half of height, give height x width Follow dimensions with accompanying material.Preceded with “space -- plus sign -- space” MARC field 300 a extent : $b illustrative material ; $c dimensions + $e accompanying material.

Area 6: Series Series: A group of separate items related to one another by the fact that each item bears, in addition to its own title proper, a collective title applying to the group as a whole. The individual items may or may not be numbered. Transcribe any statement of responsibility relating to the series Enter any numbering of an item within a series as it is stated in the prescribed source. Precede numbering by “space -- semicolon -- space” MARC field 4XX $x ISSN $v numbering

Area 7: Notes Note: Statement in the bibliographic record that qualifies or amplifies the formal description. Functions of notes Contribute to identification of the item Contribute to the intelligibility of the bibliographic record Explain the purpose of the item Give the bibliographic history of the item MARC field 5XX. Different specific MARC tags used for different types of notes 500: General note 502 Thesis note 504 Bibliography note 505 Formal contents note etc.

Notes for Monographs 500 - Nature, scope, or artistic form Make note unless apparent from the rest of the description. 500 $a Play in three acts. 500 $a Poems. 546 - Language Make notes on language, or if it is a translation. 546 $a Text in English, French and Spanish. 500 - Source of title proper Make notes on source of title proper, if taken from anything other than the title page. 500 $a Cover title.

Notes for Monographs 500 - Variations in title These are usually handled in a 246, except "At head of title" 246 3 $a Sunset cooking Mexican 500 $a At head of title: Sunset. 500 - Statements of responsibility not listed in 245 Make notes on persons or bodies connected with a work, and not already listed in the description. 500 $a Research done by Jane Cook. 536 - Funded by or issued by Make notes on funding or issuing bodies not already listed in the description. 536 $a Funded by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.

Notes for Monographs 500 - Edition and history Make notes relating to the edition being described or to the bibliographic history of the work. If earlier editions had different title, make note listing earlier title. Notate sequels and prequels. 500 $a Earlier ed. published as: Life and times of a Roman soldier. 500 $a Sequel to: Pride and prejudice. 500 - Publication, distribution, etc. Notate information not included in 260, and considered important. 500 $a Originally published: Baltimore : John Hopkins University, 1995. 500 - Physical description Make notes on important physical details not included in 300. 500 $a Maps of Illinois on endpapers.

Notes for Monographs 500 - Accompanying materials Make notes on accompanying materials and location if appropriate. 500 $a Folded map in pocket. 502 - Dissertations If item being described is a dissertation, make a note. 502 $a Thesis (Ph. D.)-Washington University, 1998. 521 - Audience Make a brief note about the intended audience for, or intellectual content of an item 521 $a For ages 9-12. (prints as: Audience: For ages 9-12.) 521 2 $a 7th and up. (prints as: Interest grade level: 7th and up.)

Notes for Monographs 586 - Awards Notes about awards associated with the item 586 8 $a National Book Award, 1981. 586 8 $a Caldecott Medal, 1979. 530 - Other formats Give details of other formats in which the content of the item has been issued. 530 $a Issued also as microfiche. 520 - Summary Usually only given for children's books. 520 $a Jack and Jill follow their dog into a haunted house.

Notes for Monographs 504 - Bibliographical references Note the presence of bibliographies and discographies. 504 $a Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-54) and index. 504 $a Includes bibliographical references. (Use when bibliographies are dispersed throughout the book) 500 - Index note Note the presence of an index or indexes. 500 $a Includes index. 500 - Numbers  Give important items borne by the item. 500 $a "H-3456"--Cover. 500 $a "H-3225." (Information taken from title page)

Notes for Monographs 501 - "With" notes If the title and statement of responsibility area contains a title that applies to only a part of an item lacking a collective title and, therefore, more than one entry is made, make a note beginning, With: and list the other separately titled works in the order in which they appear there. 501 $a With: Emma / Jane Austen. New York, Penguin, 1968. 533 - Reproduction note If the item is a reproduction (microfilm, microfiche, photocopy) describe the original in the body of the record. All description of the reproduction goes in the 533. 533 $a Microfiche. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c University Microfilms, $d 1998. $e 2 microfiches. $f (FEMA series ; no. 88).

Contents Note 505 Contents notes increase access to resources. For resources with 25 or fewer works, use an enhanced contents note to code information relating to the titles. Example of collection of short stories by one author: 245; 14; a The early stories of Louisa May Alcott, 1852-1860 / $ c with an introduction by Monika Elbert. $ 505 00 $t Rival painters -- $t Masked marriage -- $t Rival prima donnas - $t Little seed -- $t New Year's blessing -- $t Sisters' trial -- $t Little Genevieve -- $t Bertha -- $t Mabel's May day -- $t Lady and the woman -- $t Ruth's secret -- $t Cross on the church tower -- $t Agatha's confession -- $t Little sunbeam -- $t Marion Earle; or, Only an actress -- $t Mark Field's mistake -- $t Mark Field's success -- $t Monk's island -- $t Love and self-love.

Contents Note 505 Include statements of responsibility when appropriate. Example of collection of short stories by multiple authors: 245 00 $a Short stories for high schools / $ c edited with introduction and notes by Rosa M.R. Mikels. 505 00 $t First Christmas tree / $r Henry Van Dyke -- $t French tar-baby / $r Joel Chandler Harris -- $t Sonny's christenin' / $r Ruth McEnery Stuart -- $t Christmas night with Satan / $r John Fox, Jr. -- $t Nest-egg / $r James Whitcomb Riley -- $t Wee Willie Winkle / $r Rudyard Kipling -- $t Gold bug / $r Edgar Allan Poe. 505 00 $t Ransom of Red Chief / $r O. Henry -- $t Freshman full-back / $r Ralph D. Paine -- $t Gallegher / $r Richard Harding Davis -- $t Jumping frog / $r Mark Twain -- $t Lady or the tiger? / $r Frank R. Stockton -- $t Outcasts of Poker Flat / $r Francis Bret Harte $t Revolt of mother / $r Mary E. Wilkins Freeman.

Contents Note 505 Omit generic terms, i.e. introduction, conclusion, prologue, finale, overture, and similar terms used as titles. If these terms have been omitted, the contents note should be coded as a partial contents note (first indicator 2). For resources with more than 25 works an enhanced contents note may be added, but is not required. If a complete enhanced contents note is not provided, a partial enhanced contents note can be provided for the more significant works (i.e. longer and/or more widely known). An additional 500 note should also be added to give a more complete picture of the extent of the work, for example: “Includes 100 short stories.” Example of no contents note, but a 500 note to give more information: 245 00 $a Short stories from the New Yorker. 500 $a "The sixty-eight stories in this collection were chosen from those appearing in 'The New Yorker' during its first fifteen and a half years of publication--February, 1925, to September, 1940."

Contents Note 505 For nonfiction works use an unenhanced formatted table of contents note when the table of contents gives helpful information about the nature of the work or provides helpful keyword access. Don’t forget to watch out for initial articles in titles. It is ok to leave initial articles in titles in unenhanced contents notes, but they must be removed from titles in enhanced notes.

Area 7: Notes: Order of Notes Nature, scope, artistic form Language Source of title proper Variations in title (MARC field 246) Other title information (MARC field 246) Statements of responsibility Edition and history Publication Accompanying material Series Summary Contents Numbers Copy being described

Area 8: Standard Number and Terms of Availability This area lists ISBN and associated information like price (precede price with “space -- colon -- space”) MARC fields 020 ISBN 022 ISSN $c Terms of availability

Other Elements Fixed field Additional variable fields Multiple languages (MARC field 041) LCCN (MARC field 010) Acquisition information (MARC field 037) GPO item number (MARC field 074) Government Document classification number (MARC field 086) DDC Call number (MARC field 082 and 092)

CATALOGING REPRINTS AND REPRODUCTIONS Definitions from AACR2R glossary: Facsimile reproduction: A reproduction simulating the physical appearance of the original in addition to reproducing its content exactly. Photocopy: A macroform photoreproduction produced directly on opaque material by radiant energy through contact or projection. Reprint: 1. A new printing of an item made from the original type image, commonly by photographic methods. The reprint may reproduce the original exactly (an impression) or it may contain minor but well-defined variations. 2. A new edition with substantially unchanged text

CATALOGING REPRINTS AND REPRODUCTIONS Definition from Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Reproductions. Reproduction: An item that is a copy of another item and is intended to function as a substitute for that item. The copy may be in a different physical format from the original. Reproduction is a mechanical rather than an intellectual process. Reproductions are usually made for such reasons as the original’s limited availability, remote location, poor condition, high cost, or restricted utility. It is very important to differentiate between a reprint and a reproduction. AACR2R and various LC rule interpretations deal with them differently.

Reprints For reprints you must describe the item in hand, i.e. the reprint. Any information pertaining to the original edition, even if it appears in the chief source of information will be omitted from the body of the entry (245, 250, 260, 300). All necessary information about the original edition should be given in a single note. Information about the original can come from: The item in hand A description of the original found in a reference source, i.e. National Union Catalog, OCLC, etc.

Reprints Often publishers create a new title page for the reprint, with a new imprint, and include a copy of the original title page. If this is the case, the title, statement of responsibility and imprint are transcribed from the title page for the imprint. The original title page is used for the information that will be included in the note. Dat tp: r Dates: 1971, 1848 260 $a New York : $b Dover, $c 1971. 500 $a Originally published: New York : H.M. Onderdonk, 1848.

Reprints Sometimes the original title page is reproduced as the title page of the reprint edition, with the reprint publisher’s imprint added to it. The imprint of the reprint is given in the 260 and the imprint for the original is given in the note. Dat tp: r Dates: 1994, 1891 260 $a Felinfach [Wales] : $b Llanerch, $c 1994. 500 $a Originally published: Douglas, Isle of Man : Brown & Sons, 1891.

Reprints Sometimes the original title page is reproduced exactly as it was originally and the imprint information for the reprint is given somewhere else. Again, the imprint for the reprint is given in the 260, even though it doesn’t appear in the chief source, and the imprint of the original is given in a note. Dat tp: r Dates: 1893, 1919 260 $a [S.l. : $b s.n.], $c 1983. 500 $a Originally published: London : Constable and Co., Ltd., 1919. Dat tp: r Dates: 1993, 1934 260 $a Baltimore, Md. : $b Genealogical Pub. Co., $c 1993. 500 $a Originally published: Baltimore, Md. : Clearfield Co., 1934?

Reprints Sometimes the publisher will reprint an item giving little or no information about the reprint itself. Again, the reprint information is given in the 260, with brackets and question marks if necessary. Dat tp: r Dates: 1993, 1949 260 $a Oshkosh, Wis. : $b EAA Aviation Foundation, $c [1993] 500 $a Originally published: Washington, D.C. : U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1949.

Reprints Sometimes a publisher will attempt to reproduce an original in every detail, and will not include any imprint information about the reprint. You still must describe the facsimile and not the original in the publication area. Dat tp: r Dates: 19uu, 1905 260 $a [Belleville, Ill. : $b St. Clair County Historical Society, $c 19--?] 500 $a Originally published: St. Louis, Mo. : Reid-Fitch Pub. Co., 1905.

Reprints: Fixed Field Fixed field elements should be coded for the reprint and not the original. Dat tp: (DtSt: in OCLC) r Reprint/reissue date and original date Enter reprint/reissue date in Date 1 and date of original in Date 2 Use for previously published items and for items that have had a previous published existence. Do not use code r for the following: New editions, including new editions published under a different title. Full-size or microform reproductions Translations

Reprints: Fixed Field The second date will usually come from a 500 note. Dat tp: r Dates: 2000, 1970 260 $c 2000, c1993. 500 $a Originally published: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970. Dates: 1999, 1954 260 $c 1999. 500 $a Reprint of 1954 edition published by Simon and Schuster. [The original date is 1954, this is a reprint with a 1999 date.] Dates: 1966, 1741 260 $c 1966, c1950. 500 $a Originally published 1741.

Reproductions Library of Congress practice is not to follow AACR2R 1.11 for cataloging reproductions. In the early 1990’s the CC:DA Task Force to Review the Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Reproductions was charged with writing guidelines for describing reproductions (not facsimiles or reprints). Guidelines for Bibliographic Description of Reproductions was published in 1995 and addresses all types of reproductions. In May 2000 an LCRI was published addressing non-microform reproductions. Both of these publications should be used when describing reproductions.

Reproductions Transcribe the bibliographic data appropriate to the original work being reproduced in the following areas: title and statement of responsibility edition publication, distribution, etc. physical description series If appropriate, give in the title and statement of responsibility area thegeneral material designation [gmd] for the reproduction.

Reproductions Give in a single note (533 field) all details relating to the reproduction. Include in the note the following bibliographic data in the order listed. format of the reproduction dates of publication and/or sequential designation of issues reproduced (for serials) date of the reproduction physical description of the reproduction if different from the original series statement of the reproduction (if applicable) notes relating to the reproduction (if applicable)

Reproductions Field 539 Fixed fields Field 539 is optional but should be included. It is coded information about the reproduction described in the 533. The 539 should follow the 533 If the reproduction is a nonprint item that requires an 007 include it in the record. Fixed fields Code fixed field elements except Form for the original item described in the body of the record, not the reproduction. Code form for the reproduction described in the 533.

Resources for Cataloging Foreign Language Materials Babel Fish Translation http://babelfish.altavista.com/translate.dyn This is a site maintained by AltaVista that enables you to type in a block of text (up to 150 words) and then have it translated into a variety of languages. FOREIGN LANGUAGE AIDS http://tpot.ucsd.edu/TSU/foreign.html This site has some useful information and good links, but also includes some dead links. It was last updated January 2001. Glossary of bibliographic information by language. Maintained by Charley Pennell of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Libraries. http://staff.library.mun.ca/staff/toolbox/lang/biblang.htm Includes numbers and various common cataloging terms in Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latin, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish. yourDictionary.com http://www.yourdictionary.com/languages.html Includes many multilingual dictionaries and other helpful tools for translating foreign language materials.

Cataloging Foreign Language Materials AACR2R 1.0E – Language and script of the description 1.0E1. In the following areas, give information transcribed from the item itself in the language and script (whenever practical) in which it appears there: Title and statement of responsibility Edition Publication, distribution, etc. Series Give all elements in the other areas (other than the key title (for serials) and titles and quotations in notes) in the language and script of the cataloging agency.

Cataloging Foreign Language Materials MARC Fields Specific to Foreign Language Materials Fixed fields: Lang Language Code Mandatory. Indicates the language of the work. Variable fields: 041 Language Code – The field is now repeatable and all the subfields are repeatable. This was a MARC change in October 2001 and an OCLC change in December 2002.

Cataloging Foreign Language Materials Use field 041 when: The item contains more than one language. The item is or includes a translation. The language of the summaries, abstracts, or accompanying material differs from the language of the main item. The language of a table of contents differs from the language of the main item. First indicator: Indicates whether the item is, or includes, a translation. 0 Item is not a translation, does not include a translation 1 Item is or includes a translation Second indicator: Blank.

Cataloging Foreign Language Materials $a The language of the main content of the item. Enter codes for prefaces, forewords, introductions, and appendixes if they are significant. The first subfield $a must be the same as the code in the fixed-field element Lang. If the item is primarily in Japanese, with some parts in English, enter: Lang: jpn 041 0 $a jpn $a eng For works in multiple languages, the codes for the languages are recorded in the order of their predominance. If the predominant language can’t be determined, record the codes in English alphabetical order. If the text is in more than six languages, enter the code for the language of the first title followed by the code “mul” for multiple languages.

Cataloging Foreign Language Materials $h Language code of original language and/or intermediate translations of text If the item is a translation, or includes a translation, the code for the language of the translation is recorded in subfield $a. The code for the language of the original work and/or codes of intermediate translations are recorded in subfield $h. If the item is in English, translated from French, enter: Lang: eng 0411 $a eng $h fre If the item is in English and French, and was translated from Vietnamese, enter: 041 1 $a eng $a fre $h vie

Cataloging Foreign Language Materials 546 Language Note – repeatable Note about the languages of the text. Associate notes with codes in Lang and field 041. 546 can be used to give extra information that can’t be coded in 041. Indicators - Blank $a Text of the language note 041 0 $a eng $a fre $a ger 546 $a Text in English, French, and German. 04; 0 $a eng $a fre 546 $a Text in English and French, each with special t.p. and separate paging.