GIS (Geographic Information Systems) Buildings. Poly Streams, Line Wells, Point Roads, Line Zoning,Poly MAP SHEETS

GIS Overview

What is GIS? GIS (Geographic Information System): computer information system that can input, store, manipulate, analyze, and display geographically referenced (spatial) data to support decision making processes.

Tools for a GIS Hardware - Computer - Printer / Plotter - Digitizer - Scanner GIS Desktop Software (ESRI, Inc. – ArcView) CAD Software (AutoDesk - AutoCAD) Multimedia (Photos, Video, 3D Models) World Wide Web (ESRI, Inc. – ARCIMS) Personnel

GIS Data Sources Digitized and Scanned Maps purchased, donated, free (Internet) created by user Data Bases – Tables of data GPS – Global Positioning System accurate locations Field Sampling of Attributes Remote Sensing & Aerial Photography

Conventional Information Systems Answer the following questions: - Who ? - What ? - When ? - Why ? - How ?

GIS answers the following Location: What is at...? Condition: Where is it? Trends: What has changed since...? Patterns: What spatial patterns exist? Modeling: What if…? Exploring data using GIS turns data into information into knowledge

Data Data Data Location Data How Many? – What Kind? – Where? Scale of Data Global to Local Data Presentation Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, Maps, Photos

GIS Data Raster Images - grids “pixels” satellite images aerial photos Vector - grids features: points, lines & polygons attributes: size, type, length, etc.

Databases Not easy to interpret

Visualizing Data A picture is worth a thousand words

“Layers” of GIS Data Municipalities

“Layers” of GIS Data Census Tracts

“Layers” of GIS Data Lakes and Rivers

“Layers” of GIS Data Polluting Companies

“Layers” of GIS Data Schools

GIS Connects Graphics to Data

Maps and Databases are Interactive

Queries and Restrictions

GIS Turns Data Into Information

GIS Examples

GIS Applications Business Site Location, Delivery Systems, Marketing Government Local, State, Federal, Military Economic Development Population Studies, Incomes, Census and Demographic Studies Emergency Services Fire & Police Environmental Monitoring & Modeling Industry Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare Public Health Epidemiology Studies Urban Planning Land Use, Historic studies, Environmental and Conservation Studies, Housing Studies, Crime Analysis PoliticsElections and Reappointment EducationResearch, Teaching Tool, Administration Wherever Spatial Data Analysis is Needed

Global Example

Number of AIDS Cases

AIDS Cases per 10,000 persons

National Level

State Level Maps

Percentage of Uninsured by Age Ages 0-18, 1999 Ages , 1999

Demographic Studies Brookings Institution Report – Back to Prosperity

Source: United States House of Representatives

Source: The Washington Post

Note the proliferation of schools located in SW Pennsylvania where the majority of Competitive Districts lie. Source: 50States.com Pennsylvania Commission for Community Colleges Higher Education Locations

Census Block Group centroids and 2-Mile buffers around each school. Using this method we can calculate how many people between live within 2 miles of each school, and thus approximate how many persons live in each Congressional District. Source: U.S. Census 2000 School Location and Census Block Groups By District Competitiveness – 2006

Competitive and Moderately Competitive Districts for 2006 Election RepresentativeMargin of 2004 VictoryPopulation Gerlach6,022151,351 Weldon60,450117,162 Fitzpatrick39,33543,484 Schwartz43,977119,980 Dent56,04240,697 Holden58,20728,135 Sherwood175,87148,964 Source: U.S. Census Washington Post

Regional Level

Allegheny County Housing Data Data obtained from U.S. Census

Children with Elevated Blood Levels Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept Note: Cases aggregated to Census Tracts

Cases Zoomed to Neighborhoods Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept

Cases Compared to Income Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept

Cases by Educational Attainment Data obtained from U.S. Census and Allegheny County Health Dept

Environmental Analysis

Neighborhood Level

Green spaces near Schools

Aerial Photos Polygon buffer created ¼ and ½ mile around schools Data obtained from PASDA and City of Pittsburgh – City Planning Dept.

Aerial Photos Zoomed Data obtained from PASDA and City of Pittsburgh – City Planning Dept. Helps identify types of green spaces near schools Ball fields vs. Urban Boulevards

Food Sources Data source US Census

Neighborhood Walkability

Emergency Management Layers

ESRI To learn more, visit:

GIS Lab Overview

ArcGIS Software ESRI, Inc. Desktop GIS - ArcView/ArcMap, ArcView Extensions - ArcInfo, ArcEditor - ArcReader (Free), ArcExplorer (Free) Server GIS - ArcIMS (WEB) - ArcGIS Server Mobile GIS - ArcPAD

ArcMap

Layers Shapefiles, databases, aerial images, CAD files Added with the “Add Data” button

Project Files (.MXD)

Project Files “Point to” layers Add multiple layers Symbolize layers

ArcCatalog Importing and exporting map layers Renaming map layers Copying map layers

Desktop GIS ArcToolbox

WEB Based GIS ArcIMS - An Internet map server for geopublishing maps, data, and metadata: implementing portals; and leveraging Web services.

Desktop GIS ArcInfo – used by GIS professionals who build and maintain comprehensive GIS processes. Cartographers Scientists Data administrators or data providers GIS professionals and administrators who import and export data between many sources

Gistutorial Step by Step Lab Tutorials

Step by Step Instructions

Accessing GIS Data GIS Tutorial - CD ROM or CMU Thunderbolt Server - \\thunderbolt.heinz.cmu.edu\lobby\acade mic\90784

Copy to C:\Drive

IMPORTANT!!!!! YOU MUST WORK FROM C:\Gistutorial NOT U:\Drive NOT C:\Desktop NOT C:\My Documents

Saving Homework Files Must save files in C:\Gistutorial\Answers\Assignment1…

Zip Files Zip all GIS files, Word docs, etc. into one.ZIP file

Copy ZIP File to \\thunderbolt