Alyx & Allison Period 2

 Mineral-a naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure  Elements-are substances that cannot be broken down  Atom-smallest part of an element  Compound-substance made of 2 or more elements  Crystal- solid geometric forms of minerals produced  Silicate Mineral- minerals that contains a combination of 2 elements  Nonsilicate Mineral- combination of the elements silicon & oxygen

Silicates & Nonsilicates SilicatesNonsilicates  Minerals that contain a combination of 2 elements  Silicate is made up of silicon and oxygen are the two most common elements in the Earth’s crust  Combination of elements silicon & oxygen  Nonsilicate minerals made up of elements such as carbon, oxygen, iron & sulfur

Nonsilicates and silicates Classes of nonsilicatesSilicates pictures  Native elements minerals that are composed of one elements  Carbonates minerals that contain combinations of carbon and oxygen  Halides compounds that form atoms Ex. Fluorine, chlorine  Oxides compounds when an element such as aluminum or iron  Sulfates contains sulfur and oxygen  Sulfides minerals that contain 1 or more elements

 Luster- the way surface reflects light  Streak- color of minerals in powder  Cleavage- the tendency of some minerals to break on flat surfaces  Fracture- the tendency of some minerals to break unevenly along curved irregular surfaces  Hardness- refers to a mineral’s resistance to be scratched  Density- the measure of how much matter there is given in a amount of space

Moh’s hardness scale

Luster Chart MetallicSubmetallic NonmetallicEx. Earthy, waxy, pearly, silky

 Ore- a mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for a profit  Reclamation- 1 way to reduce harmful effects of mining is completed

Common uses of minerals MineralMetalUses ChalcopyriteCopperCoins, electrical wire GalenaLeadBatteries, paints BerylBerylliumBicycle frames, airplanes ChromitesChromiumStainless steel, cast iron, leather tanners

Surface mining and Deep mining  Surface mining is the removal of minerals or other materials at or near the Earth’s surface  Deep mining is the removal of minerals or other materials