A Meaning for Existence

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Presentation transcript:

A Meaning for Existence Is there a supreme being who created the universe?

Philosophical Response In general, philosophers do not dispute or refute the existence of a supreme being. Philosophers disagree about the meaning/concept of “supreme being”

Theism Study of God or gods Believe in a God who interacts with the universe

Deism Believe that a God created this universe but does not intervene with it.

Polytheism Belief in many powerful gods. Example. Ancient Greece

Monotheism Belief in one powerful God Belief in God as a being (personal)

Pantheism God is impersonal Supreme being that is everywhere and in everything

Panentheism God is everything. Personalizing God distorts God’s reality.

How can you prove that God exists? Western Traditional Responses Ontological Argument Argument is a priori – no evidence from senses; only concepts and reasoning Defines God as a supremely perfect being All powerful All knowing Self Causing ** If God does not possess existence, than God would be missing an important feature that all existing things have because God is perfect he must exist.

How can you prove that God exists? Cosmological Argument Is there a moment when the universe began? It is impossible for anything to create itself. There must be Cause to the cause-and-effect series that is experienced therefore there must be a supreme being Critics: Big Bang Theory

How can you prove that God exists? Design or Teleological Argument Orderliness of the universe suggests an all powerful agent must be responsible for its creation Critics: Universe is deceptively orderly; more chaos than order (collapsing galaxies, dark matter/energy, black holes, etc.)

How can you prove that God exists? Atheism – rejects the idea of the existence of an all knowing, all powerful, supreme being. Humans are cruel World is imperfect Idea of a God fulfills humans psychological need for security Everything in nature can be explained by science

What is the meaning of life? Why do humans exist? What is the meaning of my life? Nihilists – life is meaningless Theistic – the meaning of life is part of God’s plan and you must discover it Non Theistic – the meaning of life is what you make of it. Humans are self-conscious and self-defining.

What do you believe?? Task: Read Pages 164-168 Define: Hard Determinism, Freedom, and Soft Determinism Read the Thought Experiment on Page 166. Write a paragraph reflection on the idea of Free Will.