Famous Intellectuals Famous Visionaries Famous Protectors Famous Creators 20 Formative Bonus Points to the winning group

Perspectives on Personality 1. Students are able to: -Evaluate psychodynamic theories -Evaluate trait theories -Evaluate humanistic theories -Evaluate social–cognitive theories Assessment of Personality 2. Students are able to: -Differentiate personality assessment techniques -Discuss the reliability and validity of personality assessment techniques Issues in personality 3. Students are able to: -Discuss biological and situational influences -Discuss self-concept -Analyze how individualistic and collectivistic cultural perspectives relate to personality 4. Identify key contributors to personality theory (e.g., Alfred Adler, Albert Bandura, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers) Unit 6 Personality Essential Topics

Personality Assessments and Projection tests Interviews Observation Questionnaires Projective tests How can we measure personality? Often used in combination

Personality Assessments and Projection tests The Interviews In an interview questions are used to gain information about an individual’s personal history, personality traits, or current psychological state. In an unstructured interview conversation is very informal and topics are taken up freely as they come up In a structured interview the interviewer gets their information by asking a planned series of questions

Personality Assessments and Projection tests The Interviews Interviews make it possible to not only get the answers to the questions, but to also observe a person’s tone of voice, hand gestures, posture, and facial expressions. What do you think are the most affective interview questions you could ask? Body language is key in an interview.

Personality Assessments and Projection tests Can be easily swayed by preconceptions. An interviewer’s personality can influence client behavior. People can be deceived in interviews Halo effect uses generalizations to unrelated details of personality. Have limitations

Direct Observation Psychologists can make observations of people interacting with others Looking at behavior. People watching

Direct Observation In order to limit the misconceptions, an observer can use a rating scale to help limit the chance that some traits will be overlooked. Misconceptions can be just as harmful in direct observation as in interviews.

Personality Questionnaires Most are standardized so that scores are not impacted by opinion or prejudice Questionnaires are much more objective than interviews or observation

Projective tests of personality Projective tests attempt to uncover deeply hidden or unconscious wishes, thoughts, and needs In a projective test, a person is asked to describe ambiguous stimuli or make up stories

Projective Tests One of the oldest and most widely used projective test. A person is asked to describe what they see in the inkblot Sometimes, the part of the image they describe is more telling than the overall description Rorschach Inkblot Test

Projective Tests They can allow for psychologists to detect emotional disturbances by observing how a person perceives the world. Rorschach Inkblot Test

Projective Tests Instead of ambiguous inkblots, the TAT uses sketches depicting various scenes and life situations. Those tested are shown a scene or image and asked to make up a story about the people in it Thematic Apperception Test TAT

Projective Tests TATs are especially good at revealing feelings about a person’s social relationships **Although projective tests are popular, their validity is considered quite low Thematic Apperception Test TAT

Rorschach Inkblot TestThematic Apperception Test Trial 1 Please write your description of what you see. Be specific Trial 1 Please make up a story about the people in the sketch Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Trial 6

Rorschach Inkblot 1

Rorschach Inkblot 2

Rorschach Inkblot 3

Rorschach Inkblot 4

Rorschach Inkblot 5

TAT 1

TAT 2

TAT 3

TAT 4

TAT 5

Big 5 personality traits

Psychology questionnaire You have just seen multiple ways to test and project personality. We are going to take some time to create our own questionnaire that will test someone’s personality based on the Big 5 characteristics. I would like for you to have at least 15 questions, and the more the better. You will be giving your test to a classmate when we are finished. Example: If there is a new student in class, I always introduce myself. Yes or No If they answer yes, I could gather that they are high on the extrovert and conscientiousness scale.

Trait Theory Behavioristic Theory Psychoanalytic Theory Humanistic Theory Theory Reflection What is involved in each theory of human personality? People, theory summary, experiments, case studies, examples