Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis p.32. How Are Organic Compounds Formed? Monomers = building blocks (units) Polymers = a larger molecule made of repeating.

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Presentation transcript:

Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis p.32

How Are Organic Compounds Formed? Monomers = building blocks (units) Polymers = a larger molecule made of repeating subunits Monomers link together to form polymers.

Many small molecules One large molecule

Polymers: Synthesis and Hydrolysis of Polymers The most important biological compounds are polymers Poly means “many” Monomers are a.MONOSACCHARIDES (SIMPLE SUGARS) b.AMINO ACIDS c.NUCLEOTIDES d.FATTY ACIDS

Polymers are: made (DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS) or broken down (HYDROLYSIS) over and over in living cells Dehydration Synthesis = loss of water a.k.a. Condensation a.k.a. Polymerization

Background: – Often organic molecule contain functional groups containing carboxyl (COOH) or hydroxyl groups (OH) or both. – This is important because H and OH can be found hanging off monomers MonomerMonomer OHOH H

Dehydration Synthesis

What kind of bond is this? Water released

Dehydration Synthesis

Polymer  Monomer Hydrolysis Hydro = water & lysis = loosening Water is added and breaks the covalent bonds of polymers Requires hydrolytic enzymes 14

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis H 2 O Monomers Polymer Hydrolysis Reaction Synthesis Reaction 19

Diagram of Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis H 2 O Monomers Polymer Hydrolysis Reaction Synthesis Reaction 20

A.Proteins: Polymers of amino acids B.Nucleic Acids(DNA, RNA): Polymers of nucleotides C.Carbohydrates: Polymers of monosaccharides D. Lipids: Polymers of fatty acids & glycerol Organic compounds are also known as MACROMOLECULES. Types of Polymers

22 Organic Molecules: Preview CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids Composition:H O C H O C N (P, S) H O C N P Function:Energy/ StructureEnergy storage/ Structure/ Signalling Structure/ Catalysis Genetic code