Surgical Tools and Equipment

Topics Open heart surgery (Julianne) Heart lung machine (Philicia) Patent Foramen Ovale (Kelsey) Catheter-based procedures (Suzy) MEMS (Ashley)

Open Heart Surgery Sternotomy Cardioplegia Heart-lung machine (Philicia will discuss) Most common in most adult patients: Bypass surgery Valve surgery Cut through breast bone down middle and use cannulas to divert the blood away from the heart solution that stops the heart during surgery Use an artery or vein from the chest wall to bypass the diseased area Internal mammory/thoracic Replacement or repair Sophisticated electrical moniters: surgeon and aneastheseologist can monitor how people are doing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsNHVy2CYZk – Open Heart Surgery http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P6hbOV-Io40&feature=related – Aortic Valve Replacement Want to read about the first open heart surgery/ a movie made about it? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something_The_Lord_Made

References http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&biw=1113&bih=763&tbm=isch&tbnid=SFsd8uyhTCj0IM:&imgrefurl=http://www.metrohealth.org/body.cfm%3Fid%3D1320&docid=LUVsql3GICo9AM&imgurl=http://www.metrohealth.org/images/Patient%252520Services/Heart%252520and%252520Vascular/cv/cabg.JPG&w=1112&h=1037&ei=J7FjUPrUKO3KiAKn4YHoBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=583&vpy=264&dur=6299&hovh=217&hovw=232&tx=120&ty=94&sig=101442801249663108310&page=3&tbnh=133&tbnw=138&start=43&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:43,i:252 http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&biw=1113&bih=763&tbm=isch&tbnid=lYhcO2OZ5v5N1M:&imgrefurl=http://ccvsa.com/medical-surgical-procedures/cardiac-surgery&docid=coPeisU26DyAAM&imgurl=http://ccvsa.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/cardiac-surgery-2-artery_bypass.jpg&w=403&h=258&ei=J7FjUPrUKO3KiAKn4YHoBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=303&vpy=279&dur=8554&hovh=180&hovw=281&tx=199&ty=108&sig=101442801249663108310&page=4&tbnh=121&tbnw=189&start=71&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:71,i:336

Cardiopulmonary Bypass aka heart-lung machine, the “pump” http://www.cts.usc.edu/zglossary-heartlungmachine.html http://www.heartonline.org/heartlung.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_bypass

video: http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Heart-Lung-Machine.htm Heart-lung machine in action: http://www.hsforum.com/stories/storyReader$1486 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qo3oL8B4ji4

Patent Foramen Ovale A hole between the left and right atria of the heart fails to close naturally soon after a baby is born (first 2 years) Relatively common - 10-20% of adults Can be diagnosed by an echocardiogram or “bubble test” The lowest mortality rates are achieved in individuals with a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of less than 40

Not usually treated unless there are other heart problems, or the person had a stroke Closure of an ASD in individuals between the ages of 25 and 40 who are asymptomatic but have a clinically significant shunt is controversial. Repaired by surgery, cardiac catheterization procedure, or percutaneous closure A cardiac catheterization involves slowly moving a catheter (a long, thin, flexible, hollow tube) into the heart. The catheter is initially inserted into a large vein through a small incision made usually in the inner thigh (groin area) and then is advanced to and into the heart.

The Amplatzer Septal Occluder (ASO) consists of two self-expandable round discs connected to each other - Nitinol wire mesh filled with Dacron fabric) ASO - Amplatzer Septal Occluder

Cardiac Catheters Catheter= long, thin, and flexible tube Diagnostic and treatment Can do minor surgeries during the catheterization such as removing the bloackage Minimally invasive – inserted into a blood vessel Small incision is made after local anesthesia Dye is introduced into the catheter X-ray pictures are taken Once removed, incision is stitched up Risks? It is a surgery after all. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeH4zPzQgRc http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/cardiac_catheterization.html

MEMS and Their Fabrication

What are MEMS? “Technology of very small devices” [1] Multi-component [4] [3]

MEMS and Materials Silicon Polymers Metals Ceramics [5] [7] [8] [6]

Fabrication Three Basic Steps [2]

Fabrication [2]

References 1:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems#MEMS_basic_processes 2:http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/projects/ee245/Lectures/lecturepdfs/Lecture2.BulkMicromachining.pdf 3:http://www.memx.com/products.htm 4:http://www.memsnet.org/mems/what_is.html 5:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon 6:http://www.innovscience.com/polymer.php 7:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold 8:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_carbide