Republic of Turkey

General Informations Area km2 Coastline7,200 km Pupulation77 Million ReligionMuslim 99 %, Others % 1 (Christians and Jews) PresidentAbdullah Gül (since 28 August 2007) PriministerRecep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 14 March 2003) Turkstat,CIA Factbook

Economic Statics (2013) GDP (Billion $, Current Prices)820 GDP per Capita $10,782 Real GDP Growth 4.0 % Unemployment Rate9.7 % Trade Deficit (Billion $) Tourism Income (Billion $)28 Current Account Balance (Billion $)-65.1 Current Account Balance / GDP-7.9 %

Annual Economic Growth Rates ( )

Real GDP Growth of Selected Countries/Country Groups (2013)

GDP Per Capita

Inflation (Annual Percent Change)

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Unemployment

Central Government Budget Deficit/ GDP (%)

Government Debt / GDP (%)

Turkey's Share in Global Merchandise Exports (%)

Turkey's Share in Global Merchandise Imports (%)

Main Export Items

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Merchandise Trade

Causes of Trade Deficit Energy dependency Imports of raw materials and intermediate goods (High-tech Inputs) Exports of Low-value-added goods

Thank You..

2014 International Economic Training Programs Myanmar’s Trade Brief Presented by Nilar Thein Assistant Director Dept.of Trade Promotion Ministry of Commerce,Myanmar

Myanmar Profile Name-Republic of the Union of Myanmar Capital - Nay Pyi Taw Total land area -76,577 sq.km Bangladesh and India on the north-west, China on the north-east and; Laos and Thailand on the south-east. Climate- Tropical weather with three seasons -Summer March to May -Rainy Season June to October -Cold Season Nov to Feb

22 Myanmar Profile -Population -60 Millions -Total land borders km -Coastline Km -Main Crops-Rice, Pulses and Beans, Sesame, Maize, Rubber, Fruits and vegetables -Natural Resources-Natural gas, Oils, Jade, Rubby, Copper, Lead Teak and Timber, Fishery -Currency-Kyats or Myanmar kyat (MMK)

Four Economic Policies  Sustainable development of agriculture towards industrialization and all round development  Equitable and proportionate development among Regions and States  Inclusive development of entire people  Quality of statistics and statistical system 23

24 GDP by Sector Value% Growth Rate Value% Growth Rate Productio n % % Service % % Trade % % GDP % % Kyat Million at Price

Total Trade of Myanmar Value – USD in million Fiscal Year Export Import Total Trade      

Trade by Region 26

Myanmar’s Import By Sector ( ) Trade Capital Goods Intermediate Goods Personal Goods Total Oversea Border Total

Myanmar’s Export By Sector ( ) TradeAgriculture AnimalFisheryMetal Forest Product Manufa- cturing OtherTotal Products & Ore Oversea Border

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Top Ten Import Items of Myanmar ( ) 30

Ministry of Commerce Directorate of Trade Department of Commerce & Consumer Affair Department of Trade Promotion 31

32 DepartmentsFunctions Directorate of Trade Formulate trade policy and Planning, Human Resource Development, Trade Negotiation, Market Information, International relation, Free Flow of Goods Department of Commerce and Consumer Affair Implementation body of export and import, Consumer Protection, Competition Policy Trade Promotion Department Trade Promotion Activities, monitoring trade flow in Domestic and International Responsible Subjects of Our Ministry

Vision To implement National Economic Development 33

Basic Principal Trade activities should be aimed at the interest of the State and the people. Trade activities should not be aburden to the people. Trade activities should be aimed at structuring a long-term viable trading system.ratherthan to gain short-term profit. 34

Trade Policy Objectives Systematic formulation and implementation of trade policies in accordance with the Market Economic System. Promotion and Expansion of Export Trade expansion through international and regional Trade expansion through international and regional cooperation. Improvement of trade environment Sufficiency and stability of price of the essential goods for domestic consumption and production. 35

Myanmar’s Trade Relation Founder member of the GATT and now WTO. Trade practices are governed by the WTO trading principles. Member of the Association of South East Asian Nations(ASEAN) since Member of BIMSTEC in December 1997, member of GMS and ACMECS as well. Also participates in the various FTAs in the region together with other ASEAN Member States, such as ASEAN-China, ASEAN-India, ASEAN-Japan,ASEAN-Korea, ASEAN- Australia-New Zealand. 36

Cooperation with regional and Int’l Organization Cooperation with ASEAN–Japan Centre and ASEAN–Korea Centre First ever Trade Policy Review Mechanism with WTO has been conducting since 2012 National Export Strategy,5 year project, has launched with the technical assistance of International Trade Centre –ITC Enhanced Integrated Frame work–EIF has been launched for a wider goal of promoting economic growth and sustainable development and helping to lift more people out of poverty. 37

38 Conclusion -At present, trade liberalization is very obvious in Myanmar such as adding new export/import items prohibited or limited in earlier, eliminating number of documents and procedure and reducing trading tax on some export items. -However, there are rooms to liberalize and facilitate in trading. For instance, it take times to receive necessary recommended documents from other government agencies like Department of Forestry, FDA, etc. -Banking in international trade needs to modernize at present. -Also, insurance organizations for trade need to develop in Myanmar.

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