Intro to Fluid Power Topics What is fluid power? Where is it used? MECH1300 Intro to Fluid Power Topics What is fluid power? Where is it used? Advantages? What are the 5 basic components of hydraulics? Standards? Applications? Units?

MECH1300 What is Fluid Power? Three methods for transmitting power: Mechanical, Electrical and Fluid (Plasma as well) Fluid power is the transmission and control of energy using pressurized fluid. Fluid is considered to be gas or liquid Hydraulics (oil) and Pneumatics (air) The electric motor rotates a hydraulic pump causing the hydraulic pump to pump oil from a tank through a pipe to a hydraulic motor. This causes the hydraulic motor shaft to rotate, turning the conveyer.

MECH1300 What is Fluid Power? The difference between Hydraulics and Pneumatics is that air is compressible and oil is relatively incompressible. Pneumatics is used for: Low power/light to moderate load capacity. Low to moderate precision. Quick response.

Manufacturing Industrial robots powered by hydraulics. MECH1300 Manufacturing Industrial robots powered by hydraulics. Industrial machines use hydraulics as a power source. Plastic injection molding machines us hydraulics to close the mold. Lifting devices, such as fork lifts and jacks.

Transportation Airplanes use hydraulics to control landing gear. MECH1300 Transportation Airplanes use hydraulics to control landing gear. Shock absorbers on cars and trucks Brakes for cars and trucks

Construction Backhoes, Bulldozers, dump trucks all use hydraulics. MECH1300 Construction Backhoes, Bulldozers, dump trucks all use hydraulics.

Hydraulics Advantages: MECH1300 Advantages: Provide very high forces and can smoothly and accurately (precision) control motion. Operate under water and other harsh conditions. Disadvantages: Can leak oil. Don’t work well in clean room applications.

MECH1300 5 Basic Components Power Input Device – A pump that provides hydraulic power to the system. The pump draws the oil from the reservoir and pumps it into the supply line. Control Devices – Valves control direction, pressure, and flow rate of pressurized oil in the hydraulic system. Power Output Device – This is where the hydraulic power is converted back to mechanical power. The output devices are call actuators. There are two types of actuators: Motors : Create rotary motion as the oil flows through it. Cylinders: Create straight line motion when oil flows into it. Conductors – To transmit the liquid, conductors (pipes, tubing, or hoses) are used. There are two main lines in a hydraulic system: Supply line: Provides flow to the actuators. Return line: Allows oil leaving the actuators to return to the reservoir. Liquid – The power conducting medium. Typically oil, but other liquids are used sometimes.

MECH1300 5 Basic Components Power Input Device, Control Devices, Power Output Device, Conductors, Liquid

MECH1300 Standards National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) – sets standards for cylinder sizes, mounting styles, testing methods and other parts. It also looks at industry sales information. American National Standards Institute (ANSI) – Coordinates organizations to make sure that there is a national standard. It does not write any standards. International Standards Organization (ISO) – Same as ANSI on a international level. (Allows for compatibility)

Applications Two Systems MECH1300 Applications Two Systems Fluid Transfer – Move fluid from one location to another. Filling your car with gas Low pressures Filling a water tank Fluid Power – Transmit power Heavy loads High Pressures Heavy equipment and machines Three Main Categories Mobile Hydraulic – Construction and farm equipment. (largest sector) Industrial Hydraulic – Machines, Robots, factories……..ect. Industrial Pneumatic – Air tools, automated manufacturing.

MECH1300 Pressure Units Pressure has units of :Pa, 𝑁 𝑚 2 , 𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛 2 , 𝑝𝑠𝑖, 𝑏𝑎𝑟, 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔, 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟, 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃 𝑎𝑡𝑚 =1.01325 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠=1 𝑎𝑡𝑚=14.7 𝑝𝑠𝑖=760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔=760𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟 Ex: Convert 100mmHg to units of psi. 100𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 × 14.7𝑝𝑠𝑖 760𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔 =1.934𝑝𝑠𝑖 Temperature : ℃, ℉, 𝐾, °𝑅 (𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝) 𝐾=℃+273 ℉=1.8℃+32 Ex: Convert 100⁰C to ⁰F ℉=1.8 100 +32=212℉