1. Pascal’s Principle: More Practice

6. Fluid Systems: Student Success Criteria I can describe common components used in hydraulic and pneumatic systems and explain their function. I can draw simple hydraulic or pneumatic circuits.

7. SPH4C

8. Fluid Systems: Definition The hydraulic press is an example of a fluid system, an arrangement of components used to transmit and control forces in a fluid.

9. Energy Sources The initial source of energy for the system can be an electric motor or other device that drives a pump (for liquids) or a compressor (for gases). The symbol for a compressor or a fixed-displacement single direction hydraulic pump (the arrow shows the direction of the fluid flow).

10. Energy Output The pump or compressor transforms mechanical energy to fluid energy, and then the actuator transforms the fluid energy back to mechanical energy. The symbol for a single acting cylinder, the actuator for the hydraulic press you constructed.

11. More Circuit Symbols Transmission lines (through which the fluid travels) A continuous line is a fluid flow line A dashed line is a pilot or drain

12. More Circuit Symbols A diamond is a fluid conditioner (filter, separator, lubricator, heat exchanger)

13. More Circuit Symbols One square indicates a pressure control function Two or three adjacent squares indicate a directional control The most commonly used directional controls are valves.

14. Valves Example: 3 ports / 2 positions A normally closed directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions looks like: A normally open directional control valve with 3 ports and 2 finite positions looks like:

15. Manual Controls general symbol (without showing the control type) pushbutton lever foot pedal

16. Example System: A Car Hoist

17. Example System, by Parts

19. Note that open triangles are uses to illustrate gases and solid triangles for liquids.

20. Hoist being lowered When the hoist is lowered, the valve’s position changes:

21. More Practice The Hand-Powered Air Compressor: An Introduction to Valves Lab Activity Robotic Applications Assignment (ref. p. 258 – 260).