Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Spaces 29 CFR 1910.146                                            Cummins Southern Plains, Ltd.

Confined Space Training Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Space Training Definitions Confined Space Program Confined Space Permit System Atmospheric Testing Duties Authorized Entrant Attendant Entry Supervisor

Confined Space Defined Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Space Defined Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; AND Has limited or restricted means for entry and exit; AND Is not designated for continuous employee occupancy.

Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS) Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Permit Required Confined Space (PRCS) Confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics: 1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere; 2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant; 3. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by sloped/tapered floors; Or 4. Contains any other serious “recognized” hazard

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Trash compactor in Arlington.

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Hazardous Atmosphere An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, impairment of ability for self-rescue (unaided), injury or acute illness from one or more of the following causes: 1. Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of its LFL; 2. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL; 3. Atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%; 4. Atmospheric concentration of any substance in Sub Parts G or Z which exceeds the PELs. 5. Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health

Non-Permit Confined Space Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Non-Permit Confined Space A confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

Potential Permit-Required Confined Spaces Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Potential Permit-Required Confined Spaces Cooling Water Tank – Dynamometer Engulfment Trash Compactor – Arlington Inwardly Converging Walls

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Water vault in dyno

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Space Entry…. Entry: The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit-required confined space; Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant’s body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

Confined Space Program Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Space Program Written program. Responsibility, Accountability & Duties: Outline for each major position; provide training CS Inventory: List both Permit Required Confined Spaces (PRCS) and Confined Spaces (CS); list hazards for each; Note any changes in use or procedures that would re-classify space Unauthorized Entry Prevention: All employees aware of CS locations; use signs, training and/or LOTO. Prohibit entry!!! Permit System: Spells out the permit content; must describe methods to be used to issue, post, cancel and audit permits, and to return spaces back to service.

Confined Space Program Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Space Program Attendants: Provide at least one attendant outside the PRCS for the duration of each entry. - Specify duties & general qualifications - Multiple spaces? Entry Preparation: Outline the equipment and methods to be used to identify and evaluate hazards. Confirm that conditions are safe to enter and will remain so for the duration of the entry. ** Entry Permit verifies these steps for the proposed entry Rescue

Confined Space Permit System Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces CONFINED SPACE PERMIT Confined Space Permit System Space & purpose of entry Date & entry duration Authorized entrants Attendants Entry Supervisor Hazards of the PRCS Acceptable entry conditions Results of initial & periodic tests Rescue & emergency services Communication procedures Equipment to be used Any other safety info Other permits

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Atmospheric Testing Evaluation Testing: CS analyzed using equipment of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify any hazardous atmosphere that may exist or arise. - develop permit entry procedures by results - conducted/reviewed by technically qualified professional

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Atmospheric Testing Verification Testing: “Periodic” testing for residues of all contaminants identified by evaluation testing. - permit specified equipment - ensure concentrations within acceptable ranges of permit entry conditions - record results on permit - testing stratified atmospheres - order of testing (Oxygen, LEL, CO, H2S)

Typical Hazardous Contaminants Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Typical Hazardous Contaminants CH4 (METHANE) = LIGHTER THAN AIR CO (CARBON MONOXIDE) = SAME AS AIR H2S (HYDROGEN SULFIDE) = HEAVIER

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Sampling Strategy Sample Bottom, Center and Top of Space

Multi-Gas Instruments Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Multi-Gas Instruments OXYGEN - MIN 19.5% , MAX 23.5% CO - ALARM = 35PPM COMBUSTIBLE - ALARM = 10% LEL H2S - ALARM =10 PPM

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Oxygen (O2) 20.9% = NORMAL 15% - 19% = DECREASED ABILITY AT STRENUOUS WORK AND BREATHING DIFFICULTIES, PEOPLE W/ CORONARY, PULMONARY, OR CIRCULATION DIFFICULTIES. 10% - 12% = RESPIRATION RATE INCREASES, LOSS OF JUDGEMENT, LIPS TURN BLUE 8% - 10% = MENTAL FAILURE, ASHEN COMPLEXION, NAUSEA. 6% - 8% = FATAL AT 8 MINUTES , 50% FATAL AT 6 MINUTES, TREATMENT REQUIRED FOR RECOVERY AT 4 TO 5 MINUTES 4% - 6% = COMA WITHIN 40 SECONDS, CONVULSIONS, CEASED RESPIRATION, FOLLOWED BY DEATH

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Carbon Monoxide (CO) 35 PPM = ALARM LEVEL - PERMISSIBLE OVER 8 HOURS 200 PPM = SLIGHT HEADACHE AFTER 3 HOURS 600 PPM = SEVERE HEADACHE, DISCOMFORT @ 1 HOUR 2000 PPM = CONFUSION, HEADACHE, NAUSEA @ 2 HRS 2500 PPM = ALL OF THE ABOVE WITH PALPITATION OF THE HEART AND UNCONCIENCENESS @ 30 MINUTES 4000 PPM = DEATH UNDER 1 HOUR !!

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 10 PPM = ALARM LEVEL, PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT 15 PPM = SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT @ 15 MINUTES 50-100 PPM = MILD EYE IRRITATION, LOSS OF SENSE OF SMELL, MILD RESPIRATORY IRRITATION @ 1 HOUR 200 - 300 PPM = PRONOUNCED EYE IRRITATION, MARKED RESPIRATORY IRRITATION. 500 - 700 PPM = UNCONCIOUSNESS LEADING TO DEATH WITHIN 1 HOUR +1000 PPM = DEATH WITHIN MINUTES !!

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Forced Air Ventilation Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Forced Air Ventilation No hazardous atmosphere allowed when employee inside a PRCS. Forced air ventilation used to control any hazardous atmosphere. Air directed to ventilate immediate areas where employees located; continuous. Air supply from clean source “Periodic testing”

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Purge vs. Ventilate

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Purge Guidelines = 7 COMPLETE AIR EXCHANGES KNOW YOUR SPACE (VOLUME) KNOW YOU BLOWER CAPACITY VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7 = # MINUTES PURGE TIME

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Purge Time Example VOLUME= 10’ X 8’ X 6’ HIGH FOR A TOTAL OF 480 CUBIC FT CAPACITY = 640 CFM WITH 1 X 90 DEGREE BEND. VOLUME / CAPACITY X 7 = 480 / 640 X 7 = 5.25 MINUTES

Authorized Entrant’s Duties Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Authorized Entrant’s Duties Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms of overexposure and consequences of exposure Use appropriate personal protective equipment properly As necessary, maintain communication with attendants Exit from permit space as soon as possible when ordered by an authorized person, when the entrant recognizes the warning symptoms of exposure exist, when a prohibited condition exists, or when an automatic alarm is activated Alert the attendant when a prohibited condition exists or when warning symptoms of exposure exist.

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Attendant’s Duties Remain outside permit space during entry operations unless relieved by another authorized attendant Perform no-entry rescues when specified by procedure Know existing and potential hazards Maintain communication and keep accurate account of those workers entering the permit-required space Order evacuation of the permit space when a prohibited condition exists, a worker shows signs of hazardous exposure, an emergency outside the confined space exists, and when the attendant cannot effectively and safely perform required duties

Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Attendant’s Duties Summon rescue and other services during an emergency. Ensure that unauthorized persons stay out of permit space and inform entrants and supervisor of entry by unauthorized persons Perform no other duties that interfere with the attendant’s primary duties

Entry Supervisor’s Duties Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Entry Supervisor’s Duties Know space hazards, mode of exposure, symptoms of overexposure and consequences of exposure Verify emergency plans and specified entry conditions Terminate entry and cancel permits when entry operations are completed or if a new condition exists Take appropriate measures to remove unauthorized entrants Ensure that entry operations remain consistent with the entry permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained

Confined Space Decision Tree Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Space Decision Tree

Confined Space Training Presentation 15 - Confined Spaces Confined Space Training Any Questions??