Clean Cities / 1 COALITION NAME Propane Overview Presenter Title Date

Clean Cities / 2 Agenda  Propane Basics  Vehicles  Infrastructure  Getting Started  Additional Resources  Propane Basics  Vehicles  Infrastructure  Getting Started  Additional Resources Images: NREL Image Gallery #27574 and #30341

Clean Cities / 3 Three-carbon alkane gas: C 3 H 8 Basics: What Is Propane? Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or Autogas By-product of natural gas processing and crude oil refining Gaseous fuel that is compressed to a liquid Image: NREL Image Gallery #17180

Clean Cities / 4 Benefits Abundant domestic resource Vehicle technology and fueling stations widely available High energy density Low flammability Safe, puncture-resistant tanks May reduce particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions Considerations Reduced driving range on dedicated vehicles Incremental vehicle or conversion costs Methane and NOx emissions equivalent or slightly higher than gasoline Basics: Benefits and Considerations Image: NREL Image Gallery #13689

Clean Cities / 5 Basics: Propane Distribution

Clean Cities / 6 Basics: Supply Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) and ICF International

Clean Cities / 7 Basics: Consumption Source: EIA and ICF International

Clean Cities / 8 PropaneApplicationsStorageEnergy Content Light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles Stored as a gas in onboard tanks between 125–150 pounds per square inch (psi) 73% of the Btu of gasoline Basics: Propane in Vehicles Image: NREL Image Gallery #20655

Clean Cities / 9 Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Vehicles: OEMs Versus Conversions Aftermarket Conversions Prepped Vehicles More OEM models becoming available Aftermarket conversions provide additional options –Must meet federal and state requirements, and be installed by a qualified system retrofitter (QSR) Vehicles with factory-installed engine prep packages are converted by a qualified vehicle modifier (QVM) before delivery to the customer

Clean Cities / 10 Vehicles: Categories and Maintenance CategoryFuelBenefits DedicatedPropane Lower emissions compared to gasoline vehicles Increased cargo capacity over bi-fuel vehicles Bi-fuel Propane or Gasoline Fueling flexibility Increased range over dedicated vehicles Maintenance Costs May be lower than or equal to conventional vehicles Less oil contamination Extended engine life No cold-start problems Maintenance Costs May be lower than or equal to conventional vehicles Less oil contamination Extended engine life No cold-start problems

Clean Cities / 11 Vehicles: Fuel System Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC), Propane Vehicles

Clean Cities / 12 Vehicles: Applications Images: NREL Image Gallery #12692, #17419, #26955 Light-Duty Passenger cars and light-duty trucks in private and government fleets Personal vehicles Medium-Duty Vans and shuttles Airport and taxi fleets Cargo trucks Heavy-Duty School buses Transit buses Street sweepers Snowplows Short-haul delivery trucks

Clean Cities / 13 Vehicles: Where to Find Available Models? EPA: CARB: EPA: CARB:

Clean Cities / 14 Case Study #1: Eastern Carver County, Minnesota School District Just the Numbers Propane School Buses: 100+ Fuel Cost Savings: $60,000+ per year Image and More Information: AFDC Case Study Search, Propane Buses Help Minnesota Schools Carve out Greener Future, Replacing diesel buses with propane on their normal 10-year replacement cycle Partnered with Student Transportation of America, as well as Ferrellgas for fueling equipment and a fuel contract No trouble with cold starts (-20ºF) “I think we have a great fleet here that's making progress for the environment. It's saving money for the school district so we can keep the money in the classrooms, and we're being a little progressive, and it's all the partnership between Eastern Carver County Schools and Student Transportation of America.” —John Thomas, Transportation Director

Clean Cities / 15 Case Study #2: Schwan's Home Service Fleet Just the Numbers Propane Delivery Trucks: 4,500+ Initial Propane Fleet Implementation: 1970s Gas and Diesel Fuel Savings: 18 million gallons/year Maintenance cost savings: More than $1 million/year Image and More Information: National Clean Fleets Partner: Schwan’s Home Service, Largest fleet of propane vehicles in the country, with more than 70% of vehicles running on propane Member of Department of Energy’s National Clean Fleets Partnership " It's great to have a company that is focused on being environmentally friendly. It's good for us from an economic standpoint as well, and it's just the right thing to do.” —Jeff Modica, Schwan’s Global Supply Chain

Clean Cities / 16 Infrastructure: Propane Station Availability Source: AFDC Station Locator, July 2014; public stations

Clean Cities / 17 Off-site, Public Access Operated by retailer, utility, or other fleet Fleet may be an anchor fleet or part of a pool of multiple fleets who make a case for station to add propane refueling On-site, Private Access Exclusive use by participating fleets On-site, Public Access Built outside of restricted areas Benefit from economy of scale Promotes public use of propane vehicles Infrastructure: Types City of Austin Infrastructure: Using five city fueling sites, Austin is able to operate more than 200 F150 propane trucks and more than 30 propane mowers. Infrastructure is shared with Travis County, the State of Texas, and other entities. City of Austin Infrastructure: Using five city fueling sites, Austin is able to operate more than 200 F150 propane trucks and more than 30 propane mowers. Infrastructure is shared with Travis County, the State of Texas, and other entities. Image: NREL Image Gallery #30248

Clean Cities / 18 Infrastructure: Propane Fueling Image and More Information: AFDC Propane Fueling Infrastructure Development, Turnkey solution with standard storage tank, dispensing, metering, and containment equipment Containerized Larger storage tanks, multiple dispensers, other customization Customized Propane delivery truck with metering and dispensing equipment Mobile

Clean Cities / 19 Meet with your local propane marketer Determine average propane need Lock in propane fuel price Other Considerations: Fleet Pricing Image: NREL Image Gallery #12500

Clean Cities / 20 Other Considerations: Cost and Planning Calculators afdc.energy.gov/tools

Clean Cities / 21 Facility modifications may be necessary NFPA codes and international codes exist; local authorities determine which apply The following must be evaluated: –Ventilation system –Heating system –Lighting system –Electrical system –Mechanical system –Building envelope –Internal structure Other Considerations: Maintenance Facility Modifications Helpful Resource: The Propane Autogas Repair and Maintenance Facility Requirements guide from PERC provides a comprehensive overview of codes and standards for maintenance facilities, as well as additional information about evaluations and modifications. Helpful Resource: The Propane Autogas Repair and Maintenance Facility Requirements guide from PERC provides a comprehensive overview of codes and standards for maintenance facilities, as well as additional information about evaluations and modifications.

Clean Cities / 22 ? Based on my fleet inventory and replacement schedule, what is the vehicle replacement potential? What vehicle, equipment, fuel, and station development vendors exist? Are there fueling stations in my area? Are they public or private? Can I visit? What support can my local Clean Cities coalition provide? How many vehicles will be fueled each day? How much fuel will each vehicle need? When and how often will vehicles need to be fueled? What are the maintenance facility and fueling infrastructure site development requirements? What federal, state, and local incentives are available? Getting Started: Questions to Ask Image: NREL Image Gallery #11599 Helpful Resource: The AFDC Laws and Incentives Search provides information about available state and federal incentives for natural gas vehicles (NGVs) and infrastructure. Helpful Resource: The AFDC Laws and Incentives Search provides information about available state and federal incentives for natural gas vehicles (NGVs) and infrastructure.

Clean Cities / 23 Presenter Organization Website Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) afdc.energy.gov Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) propane.com More Information

Clean Cities / 24 AFDC Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Search ( AFDC Alternative Fueling Station Locator ( AFDC Vehicle Cost Calculator ( AFDC Petroleum Reduction Planning Tool ( AFDC Federal and State Laws and Incentives ( AFDC Propane Fueling Infrastructure Development ( AFDC Propane Vehicles ( Argonne National Laboratory’s (ANL’s) Alternative Fuel Life-Cycle Environmental and Economic Transportation (AFLEET) Tool ( CARB Certified Conversions List ( Clean Cities Costs Associated With Propane Vehicle Fueling Infrastructure ( EIA Propane Delivery ( EPA Certified Conversions List ( PERC Certified Propane Autogas Vehicles List 4OTRManufacturerListingPublicView.pdf 4OTRManufacturerListingPublicView.pdf PERC Propane Autogas Repair and Maintenance Facility Requirements ( %20maintenance1.pdf) %20maintenance1.pdf References and Resources