NAPA implementation in practice Khalida Bouzar, GEF Coordinator LEG meeting, Bangkok, 3-5 September 2007 IFAD’S COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES on on AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

AGRICULTURE and CLIMATE CHANGE

Linkages between agriculture and climate change (1) Agriculture is considered one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change: Agriculture is considered one of the most vulnerable sectors to climate change: –Threats to food security –Increased stress on fragile farming systems –Loss of biodiversity/Agro-biodiversity –Decrease in water availability and quality –Reduction of crop resilience to climate variability –Negative impact on animal health, livestock production and fisheries –Impacts on national economies, especially of LDCs, since agriculture is the major economic activity in most of them.

Linkages between agriculture and climate change (2) At the same time it is also one of the main contributor to GHGs emissions: At the same time it is also one of the main contributor to GHGs emissions: –CO 2 emissions mainly from land use change; –Methane (CH 4 ) emissions from the livestock sector and from rice production; –nitrous oxides (N 2 O) from the use of fertilizers.

GHGs from agriculture Most of the emissions proceeding from agriculture occur in developing countries……and emissions from agriculture in developing countries are estimated to increase. Most of the emissions proceeding from agriculture occur in developing countries……and emissions from agriculture in developing countries are estimated to increase. N 2 0 emissions N 2 0 emissions CH 4 emissions

Possible interventions in the agricultural sector Mitigation Mitigation –Switching to  no-tillage  or  low-tillage  techniques to preserve carbon stored in soil; –Reducing methane’s emissions from rice production through better tillage practices, water management and crop rotation; –Using more efficiently nitrogen fertilizer to reduce nitrous oxide; –Improving land use and management practices (LULUCF); –Forestry; –Sustainable Coastal management and fisheries. Adaptation: The choice of the best adaptation options depends on country-specific vulnerabilities Adaptation: The choice of the best adaptation options depends on country-specific vulnerabilities –Wide range of possible options, including adopting new cultivars or changing crops and planting date, crops rotation, alternative tillage systems and erosion control techniques –Improve risk management and preparedness, especially with reference to extreme events, are two important components of adaptation ( early warning systems, drought contingency plans, response to flooding, raising awareness, water management, etc)

IFAD’s ROLE IN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE

IFAD’s mandate IFAD’s goal is to empower poor people in developing countries to achieve higher incomes and improved food security IFAD’s goal is to empower poor people in developing countries to achieve higher incomes and improved food security IFAD’s target group is made up of extremely poor and vulnerable people: small farmers, herders, rural women, etc. IFAD’s target group is made up of extremely poor and vulnerable people: small farmers, herders, rural women, etc. Climate change has been acknowledged in IFAD’s Strategic Framework as one of the factors causing rural poverty and IFAD clearly mentioned climate change as one of the new challenges that it needs to address. Climate change has been acknowledged in IFAD’s Strategic Framework as one of the factors causing rural poverty and IFAD clearly mentioned climate change as one of the new challenges that it needs to address. Under the IFAD/GEF-4 engagement strategy, IFAD is committed to give priority to innovative themes, such as climate change and especially adaptation and to support pilot and demonstration projects for adaptation to climate change. Under the IFAD/GEF-4 engagement strategy, IFAD is committed to give priority to innovative themes, such as climate change and especially adaptation and to support pilot and demonstration projects for adaptation to climate change.

IFAD’s expertise: implications for climate change IFAD has a comparative advantage in working on combating land degradation, rural sustainable development and integrated natural resource management IFAD has a comparative advantage in working on combating land degradation, rural sustainable development and integrated natural resource management Through its past projects on irrigation, drought preparedness, contingency plans, renewable energies, etc. as well as GEF projects, IFAD has gained experience on climate change. Through its past projects on irrigation, drought preparedness, contingency plans, renewable energies, etc. as well as GEF projects, IFAD has gained experience on climate change. IFAD’s engagement on climate change is based mainly on developing activities that nurture linkages between Sustainable Land Management and climate change. IFAD’s engagement on climate change is based mainly on developing activities that nurture linkages between Sustainable Land Management and climate change. Based on its experience, IFAD has a clear comparative advantage on adaptation to climate change rather than mitigation. Based on its experience, IFAD has a clear comparative advantage on adaptation to climate change rather than mitigation. However, the recent broadening of the GEF Climate Change window to land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) opens to IFAD interesting perspectives for future involvement on climate change mitigation. However, the recent broadening of the GEF Climate Change window to land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) opens to IFAD interesting perspectives for future involvement on climate change mitigation.

Some concrete examples Sri Lanka : The GEFSEC approved a project for grant under the SPA (one of the 3 GEF Adaptation financing mechanisms) entitled “Participatory Coastal Zone Restoration and Sustainable Management in the Eastern Province of post-tsunami Sri Lanka”. The long-term goal of the project is the rehabilitation and sustainable management of Tsunami- affected ecosystems, including adaptation against extreme climatic events in coastal zones. Sri Lanka : The GEFSEC approved a project for grant under the SPA (one of the 3 GEF Adaptation financing mechanisms) entitled “Participatory Coastal Zone Restoration and Sustainable Management in the Eastern Province of post-tsunami Sri Lanka”. The long-term goal of the project is the rehabilitation and sustainable management of Tsunami- affected ecosystems, including adaptation against extreme climatic events in coastal zones. Bangladesh : The Special Assistance Project for Cyclone-affected Rural Households is a concrete example of IFAD’s response to natural disasters. The project strengthened the coping strategies of poor rural households hit by the cyclone in Bangladesh : The Special Assistance Project for Cyclone-affected Rural Households is a concrete example of IFAD’s response to natural disasters. The project strengthened the coping strategies of poor rural households hit by the cyclone in In Sub-Saharan Africa, IFAD supports inter alia adaptation to climate change within the framework of a Regional Partnership on SLM (TerrAfrica) and its Strategic Investment Programme (SIP). In Sub-Saharan Africa, IFAD supports inter alia adaptation to climate change within the framework of a Regional Partnership on SLM (TerrAfrica) and its Strategic Investment Programme (SIP).

IFAD: a KEY actor for the GEF In 2001, the Council of the Global Environment facility (GEF) named IFAD a GEF executing agency in recognition of its expertise in land degradation. In 2001, the Council of the Global Environment facility (GEF) named IFAD a GEF executing agency in recognition of its expertise in land degradation. IFAD’s flexible programme approach and long-term lending framework are conducive to close collaboration with the GEF in addressing global environmental concerns while meeting local development needs. IFAD’s flexible programme approach and long-term lending framework are conducive to close collaboration with the GEF in addressing global environmental concerns while meeting local development needs. In June 2007, the GEF Council recognized that, in addition to land degradation, IFAD had developed the capacity to work in other GEF focal areas, such as biodiversity and climate change. In June 2007, the GEF Council recognized that, in addition to land degradation, IFAD had developed the capacity to work in other GEF focal areas, such as biodiversity and climate change.

GEF components within IFAD’s projects: co-financing and baseline LAC ASIA NENA Sub- Saharan Africa Global

IFAD: an important partner for NAPA implementation in LDCs Most of the NAPA indicate agriculture as a prioritized sector of intervention Most of the NAPA indicate agriculture as a prioritized sector of intervention Given its experience on agriculture, IFAD can implement the relevant proposed projects and facilitate the access of LDCs to GEF funding Given its experience on agriculture, IFAD can implement the relevant proposed projects and facilitate the access of LDCs to GEF funding NAPA projects can be fully blended within IFAD portfolio NAPA projects can be fully blended within IFAD portfolio IFAD will also gain from this partnership by further climate proofing its portfolio IFAD will also gain from this partnership by further climate proofing its portfolio Thus, it is a win-win situation for both players! Thus, it is a win-win situation for both players!

Road map for the implementation of the NAPAs with IFAD IFAD PMD GEF Unit Countries* with NAPA already completed and approved Project Proposal (related to a sector of intervention of IFAD and integrated into a baseline) PIF/PPG with L.E of the country GEF focal point PPG phase (if approved): project preparation Project approval by IFAD, the government and the GEF Implementation (*) A country where IFAD has an active portfolio

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