PSCAD Simulation of Grid Tied Photovoltaic and Wind Farms By Abdulrahman Kalbat

PSCAD/EMTDC PSCAD: Power Systems Computer Aided Design PSCAD is Graphical User Interface for EMTDC simulation engine EMTDC: Electromagnetic Transients including DC Simulate time domain instantaneous response of the power systems www.pscad.com www.pscad.com

PSCAD Vs. Simulink PSCAD’s interface is specialized for power system networks Faster time domain simulation speed Matlab/Simulink Interface in PSCAD Availability of the models for Solar Panels and Wind Turbines Venayagamoorthy, Ganesh K., “Comparison of power system simulation studies on different platforms – RSCAD, PSCAD/EMTDC, and SIMULINK SimPowerSystems,” International Conference on Power System Operations and Planning, 2005

Power Network Under Study Complete Utility Grid (from generation to distribution) Utility Scale PV System Utility Scale Wind Turbine System

Previous Research Done Electrical model development and validation for distributed resources for NREL [1] Modeling of a photovoltaic system with a distributed energy storage system [2] Power quality effects of high PV penetration on Distribution Networks [3] [1] M.G. Simões, B. Palle, S. Chakraborty, and C. Uriarte, “Electrical Model Development and Validation for Distributed Resources ,” NREL, Golden, CO, 2007 [2} Anthony W. Ma, “MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM,” M.S. Thesis, Dept. Elect. Eng., California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo, CA, 2012 [3] Minas Patsalides, et. al., “Towards the establishment of maximum PV generation limits due to power quality constraints,” Electrical Power and Energy Systems,

Expected Results Effects of PV and Wind systems on the power quality of the utility grid Frequency Voltage System’s response to faults: Line to line faults Line to ground faults Lightning strikes

Solar Photovoltaic Model Directly convert solar energy into electricity Maximum Power Point Tracker Model Ensure optimum output at varying temperature and insolation Regulate and step-down the high voltage of the PV array. Models developed by: Athula Rajapakse, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada

Grid Connected PV

3-phase Inverter Bridge Grid Connected PV Solar Radiation + Cell Temperature Data PV Array + Output Capacitor DC-DC Converter for MPP Tracking DC-bus Capacitor and Start-up Charging 3-phase Inverter Bridge [1] Anthony W. Ma, “MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM,” M.S. thesis, Dept. Elect. Eng., California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo, CA, 2012 Anthony W. Ma, “MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM ,” M.S. Thesis, Dept. Elect. Eng., California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo, CA, 2012

Maximum Power Point Tracker Variable Solar Radiation Increase Solar Radiation  Increase Short Circuit Current

Maximum Power Point Tracker Variable Temperature Increase Temperature  Decrease Open Circuit Voltage

Maximum Power Point Tracker Maximum Power Yield

Maximum Power Point Tracker Regulate and step-down the high voltage of the PV array.

3-Phase Inverter

3-Phase Inverter Output Current Output Voltage

Wind Turbine Model Inputs Inputs Vw:  Wind speed (must be a positive value) [m/s] W:  Machine mechanical speed [rad/s] Beta:  Pitch angle [°] Outputs Tm:  Output torque of the turbine [p.u.] P:  Output power of the turbine [p.u.] Inputs Wm:  Mechanical speed of the machine [rad/s] Pg:  Power output of the machine based on the machine rating [p.u.] Output Beta:  Pitch angle [°]

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